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Red Teaming/Adversary (Emu/)Simulation/Explicitly Pen testing stuff

Table of Contents

Adversary Emu/Simu ; Building(and growing) a Red Team ; Organizing a Red Team Engagement

C2s & Infrastructure

Implants & Payload Development

General

Adversary Simulation &Or Emulation

Advanced Persistent Threat Actors & Campaigns

  • 101
    • APTnotes
      • APTnotes is a repository of publicly-available papers and blogs (sorted by year) related to malicious campaigns/activity/software that have been associated with vendor-defined APT (Advanced Persistent Threat) groups and/or tool-sets.
    • APT Groups and Operations
  • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
  • Talks/Presentations/Videos
    • From Hacking Team to Hacked Team to…? - Filip Kafla(NorthSec2018)
      • Hacking Team came into the spotlight of the security industry following its damaging data breach in July 2015. The leaked data revealed several 0-day exploits being used and sold to governments, and confirmed Hacking Team’s suspected business with oppressive regimes. But what happened to Hacking Team after one of the most famous hacks of recent years? Hacking Team’s flagship product, the Remote Control System (RCS), was detected in the wild in the beginning of 2018 in fourteen countries, including those contributing to previous criticism of the company’s practices. We will present the evidence that convinced us that the new post-hack Hacking Team samples can be traced back to a single group – not just any group – but Hacking Team’s developers themselves. Furthermore, we intend to share previously undisclosed insights into Hacking Team’s post-leak operations, including the targeting of diplomats in Africa, uncover digital certificates used to sign the malware, and share details of the distribution vectors used to target the victims. We will compare the functionality of the post-leak samples to that in the leaked source code. To help other security researchers we’ll provide tips on how to efficiently extract details from these newer VMProtect-packed RCS samples. Finally, we will show how Hacking Team sets up companies and purchases certificates for them.
  • Specific Campaigns/Groups/Operations

Building a (Red) Team

  • 101
  • Non-Red Team Team Building
  • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
  • Talks/Presentations/Videos
    • Red white and blue. Making sense of Red Teaming for good. - Ian Amit(Derbycon2014)
      • Say red team one more time. I dare you. I double dare you. The term red team has been recently more abused than cyber. And it’s making us all hurt in ways we need dolls to point where the bad man touched us. Time to get back to business: In this talk we’ll get down and dirty on how a company can actually see a benefit from red teaming. Beyond the red team having fun and bragging rights. Actual ROI. Dirty business speak... We’ll explore some recent examples of implementing red team engagements along with good ol’e blue work, cutting the fat in the security practice of companies, and getting actionable work done.
    • Spy Vs. Spy: How to Use Breakable Dependencies to Your Advantage - Stacey Banks, Anne Henmi(Derbycon2015)
      • When a dependency comes along can you break it? Break it good? The reliance on third-party applications can unleash a dependency hell upon your network. How well do you trust the integrity of third party integrations that affect your code, your systems, and any COTS/GOTS you purchase? We will take a look at vulnerabilities that have been exploited and how they broke the perceived security of the network. Looking at the flaws in the trust chain we can see where the weaknesses are introduced and begin to devise ways to exploit them. When you're leveraging third party applications, and everyone is, you have to ask yourself ‰ÛÏDo I feel lucky?‰Û. Well, do ya, punk?
    • Embrace the Bogeyman: Tactical Fear Mongering for Those Who Penetrate - FuzzyNop(Derbycon2016)
      • When it comes to cyber penetration, evolving threat landscapes mandate advanced persistent tac. ha ha, just kidding. Look, let's be real, as an internal red team things can get really weird. A day job carrying out a company?s most apocalyptic self-destructive fantasies presents a strange duality of helping and hurting. General public and corporate fear of 'hackers' has been both a blessing and a curse. You might say it?s a gray area, but is it really that simple? In this talk i'll share the ups, downs, and lessons learned during my adventures as the corporate bogeyman.
    • The Art of War, Attacking the Organization and Raising the Defense - Jeremy Mio, David Lauer, Mike Woolard(Derbycon2016)
      • The most effective way into an organization, cute cat pictures and free tickets to DerbyCon... the easiest and quickest way into an organization, attacking the weakest link, humans. There are many campaigns in the wild conveying "Cyber Security" being a shared responsibility across the organization, but how can we expect that when we do not prepare our fellow employees? We need to properly prepare our employees, managers, technical folk, and even the Executives for the security battle ground. Militaries do not train their generals, sergeants, and ground soldiers with the same material and techniques, and neither should we for security awareness training. Join us and an old friend, Sun Tzu, to prepare the war and battles we are facing from all sides of our organization.
    • Planning Effective Red Team Exercises - Sean T Malone - BSidesSF2016
      • An effective red team exercise is substantially different from a penetration test, and it should be chartered differently as well. The scenario, objective, scope, and rules of engagement all need to be positioned correctly at the beginning in order to most closely simulate a real adversary and provide maximum value to the client.In this presentation, we'll review best practices in each of these areas, distilled from conducting dozens of successful red team exercises - along with some war stories highlighting why each element matters. Those in offensive security will gain an understanding of how to manage the client's expectations for this process, and how to guide them towards an engagement that provides a realistic measurement of their ability to prevent, detect, and respond to real attacks. Those in enterprise security will gain a deeper understanding of this style of assessment, and how to work with a red team to drive real improvement in their security programs.
    • Building A Successful Internal Adversarial Simulation Team - C. Gates & C. Nickerson - BruCON 0x08(2016)
    • Some Teams Are Red, Others Are Blue, But Purple Ones Are the Best Value Prajakta Jagda(SHELLCON 2017)
      • How does one build an enterprise red team from scratch? That was the question I faced a year ago when I accepted the lead red team engineer role at Palo Alto Networks. The most apparent lesson for me has been that red teaming as an internal enterprise function draws an interpretation that is quite different from the one generally accepted by the industry. Over the last year, I have had to set aside everything I thought I knew about red teaming and build an approach that offered the value proposition an enterprise is looking for from such a function. In the first part of this session, I want to touch upon the lessons I have learned during my journey to build a red team program. I want to share my thoughts on the philosophy and approach that is most likely to benefit an enterprise program like this. While this might seem very academic, this has governed every single tactical piece the team has had to implement to make the program a success. Not only has the team composition and interactions been heavily governed by the approach, we have also built custom tools and frameworks to operationalize it. The success we have seen so far is what has prompted me to share highlights of the program with a wider audience. Hopefully, I can help someone else struggling with the same question I faced above. The story, however, doesn’t end there, because building a red team program was only half the battle. I’m sure at least some of the attendees have read (with or without scoffing) about the purple teaming movement. While, in theory, it absolutely should resonate with any enterprise security engineer, putting it in practice is a different matter. The second part of the session will focus on approaches and mechanisms to adopt purple teaming. By the end of this session, the audience should expect to walk away with concrete ideas on approaches to implementing enterprise red team and purple team programs.
    • Let's Create A Redteam Mission - Alex Kouzmine - BlackAlps 2018
    • Red Teaming gaps and musings - Samuel Sayan(Derbycon2018)
      • Red Teaming is currently the closest most companies get to adversary emulation. While Red Teaming can do a good job pointing out security gaps, blind spots, and human weaknesses within an organization, there are also limitations. Engagement SOW’s, timelines, and laws impose limitations which can unwittingly push a Red Team engagement far from adversary emulation. Some thoughts on the current status quo, and ways to mix it up.
    • Red vs Blue and why We are doing it wrong - Chris Roberts(BSides Chattanooga 2018)
      • Leave your 0days, leave your latest hacks behind AND bring your playbook for the blue team. We have more hacks and more works, trojans and attack vectors than we know what to do with, therefore what DO we actually do with them, THAT IS the question on the "tech behind" track'this is not about how you attach it is ALL about how you defend. What happens when the midden hits the fan, how and where and why do you react, how do you even know that you have been hacked? As security we have failed our very charges, we continue to allow them to be attacked and we fail at defense, therefore bring your BEST technical minds and apply them to how we better protect those that rely upon us.
    • Building and Leading Corporate Red Teams - Dale Pearson(x33fcon 2018)
      • Red Teaming often means different things to different people, so in this talk Dale shares with you what he believes to be Red Teaming in the Corporate world, what to be the foundational elements of establishing the support and buy in to put together an effective adversarial emulation capability, and how to lead it to success and evolve the capability over time.
    • Blue Blood Injection: Transitioning Red to Purple - Lsly Ayyy(Derbycon2018)
      • Moving from a large company with a retinue of pentesters, to a start-up with far fewer resources, can be a strain. It may be just you. While you're performing services, your new company may also need you to be flexible -- move to supporting some IR or blue team-related functionality. You won't be able to do both sides of a purple team, but you can help things meet for your clients. This talk will have my story, as well as some ideas when having to reach across a spectrum of needs with limited (or no) defense-focused personnel.
    • Why your red team shouldn't be snowflakes - Isaiah Sarju(ShowMeCon2019)
      • Red teaming requires the use of specialized tools. However, this should not exclude operators from using the same technology, adhering to the same procedures, and following the same policies as their colleagues throughout the organization. Some argue that this will prevent operators from executing on their duties. The contrary is true. With a few exceptions in place and thoughtful architecture considerations, treating red teamers as regular employees will improve their testing and reduce the risk that red teamers bring to organizations.
    • Five phases of IRTOF: Kickstarting your organization's Red Team Operations programme - Abhijith B R(BSides Delhi 2020)
      • Slides
      • This talk is about building a practical internal #redteam​. This is not an easy task. For organizations, it is essential to have an internal offensive team to continuously perform adversarial simulation to strengthen the security posture and enhance blue team capabilities. Many variables needs to be taken care of before going forward with such an initiative. Most important thing would be assessing the progress and maturity of the red team building process. Explains various steps to create an internal offensive team/red team from scratch and increasing the capabilities gradually on different phases. This talk introduces a proven way of building internal offensive teams, Internal Red Team Operations Framework. (IRTOF)
    • How To Build A High-Performing Red Team - Tom Porter & Patrick Fussell(WWHF 2020 Virtual)
      • What are the habits of a highly successful red team? How much do TTPs or a team’s talent level contribute to their overall effectiveness? This talk will examine the actions that separate high-performing red teams from the competition. The speakers will share practical red team methods developed through their careers as offensive security consultants, along with insights from leaders in the infosec industry. They’ll connect observations from recent publications on the topic with the lessons learned from their previous careers on other high-performing, high-stress teams -- one as a Marine and the other as a professional baseball player. This talk will highlight how effective teams are architected, the challenges of remote work, engagement planning and execution, practical tips for effective communication, and the importance of team cohesion when pursuing a mission. Attendees will walk away with action items they can take back to their organizations and start implementing immediately.
  • Increasing the Size/Maturity Of
    • Talks/Presentations/Videos
      • Illusion of Control: Capability Maturity Models and Red Teaming - Johann Rehberger(2020) https://www.tmmi.org/tmmi-model/
      • Guerrilla Red Team: Decentralize the Adversary - Christopher Cottrell(RedTeamVillage)
        • "Guerrilla Red Team is a methodology by which a company can grow security IQ, technical expertise, and security brainpower, resulting in an internal mesh network of trusted decentralized ethical hackers. The program requires minimal capital investment from the hosting red team. It achieves its primary goals through weekly group mentorship hosted during a four-hour block, once per week, during the workday. It forms a peer network in which guerrilla operators share ideas and techniques, and ultimately grow technically and professionally as a unit. Members of the program come from various technical disciplines, but not necessarily security-focused verticals. The cohort of five to six members follows a nine-week syllabus that takes them from someone with minimal red team experience to autonomous operations. Guerrilla Operators will have a regular cadence of operations, which will require deconfliction from the parent red team to only ensure there are no safety concerns with the proposed target. Expected outcomes for the nine-week cohort are as follows: Guerrilla operators are armed with the skills to continue their red team learning, as well as a support network for challenging tasks The parent red team has an expanded network of internal, trusted, ethical hackers. This strengthens idea generation for campaigns, and enables communication through the use of a shared and common technical language. Over time, the Guerrilla Red Team provides a steady flow of trained homegrown red team operators or security analysts The company itself benefits by having security-focused mindsets placed throughout technical disciplines, resulting in staff that are poised to ward off attacks by thinking like an attacker, functioning similarly to security-focused Site Reliability Engineers (SRE) Provides the company with verification that their security program and infrastructure are as robust as they say it is through the use of decentralized, independent low-tier actors attacking the network: an Offsec ChaosMonkey Provides the guerrilla operators real world, hands on experience in a career field that is hard to break into outside of the Federal pipeline "

Organizing a Red Team Engagement

Command, Control, Communicate (or just CnC, or C3)

  • General Stuff
  • C2 Development
    • See Implant & Payload Development
    • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
    • Talks/Presentations/Videos
      • C3CM: Defeating the Command - Control - and Communications of Digital Assailants
        • C3CM: the acronym for command- control- and communi - cations countermeasures. Ripe for use in the information security realm, C3CM takes us past C2 analysis and to the next level. Initially, C3CM was most often intended to wreck the command and control of enemy air defense networks, a very specific military mission. We-ll apply that mindset in the context of combating bots and other evil. Our version of C3CM therefore is to identify, interrupt, and counter the command, control, and communications capabilities of our digital assailants. The three phases of C3CM will utilize: Nfsight with Nfdump, Nfsen, and fprobe to conduct our identification phase, Bro with Logstash and Kibana for the interruption phase, and ADHD for the counter phase. Converge these on one useful platform and you too might have a chance deter those who would do you harm. We-ll discuss each of these three phases (identify, interrupt, and counter) with tooling and tactics, complete with demonstrations and methodology attendees can put to use in their environments. Based on the three part ISSA Journal Toolsmith series: http://holisticinfosec.blogspot.com/search?q=c3cm&max-results=20&by-date=true
      • Flying a False Flag: Advanced C2, Trust Conflicts, and Domain Takeover - Nick Landers(BHUSA2019)
        • This talk will discuss the methodology, selection process, and challenges of modern C2. It will cover the details of recent HTTP/S advancements and tooling for new cloud service primitives such as SQS, AppSpot, S3, and CloudFront. We will demonstrate how trust can be abused for stealthy C2 techniques via internal mail servers, defensive platforms, and trusted domains. We will also cover the various options for domain takeover, and release tooling for exploiting domain takeover scenarios in Amazon Web Services (AWS), Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP).
        • Code
    • Tools
      • Callback Catcher
        • Callback Catcher is a multi-socket control tool designed to aid in pentest activities. It has a simple web application with an backend API that allows the user control what TCP and UDP sockets should be opened on the server. It records any and all data send to the exposed sockets and logs it to a database which can be easily accessed via it's backend API. Itís kind of intended to be like the love child of Burp Collaborator and Responder. Alternatively think of it like a low/medium interactive honeypot. Its been coded on top of the Django REST framework, which offers a number of benefits , primarily being able to create your own client scripts and tools and quickly searching and filtering of data. Opening of sockets is built on top of Python's ServerSocket library. Upon spinning up a socket a user is given the option to assign a handler to the socket, which is affectively user defined code that overwrites the handler function within the SocketServer.TCPServer and SocketServer.UDPServer classes. This code tells the socket how to handle the incoming data and what to respond with. Each connection to the socket is recorded to a database.
      • CheckPlease
        • Implant-Security modules written in PowerShell, Python, Go, Ruby, C, C#, Perl, and Rust.
      • emptynest
        • Emptynest is a plugin based C2 server framework. The goal of this project is not to replace robust tools such as Empire, Metasploit, or Cobalt Strike. Instead, the goal is to create a supporting framework for quickly creating small, purpose built handlers for custom agents. No agent is provided. Users of Emptynest should create their own agents that implement minimal functionality and can be used to evade detection and establish a more robust channel. An example of an agent might support Unhooking, DLL Unloading, and code execution. Due to the simple nature of this project, it is recommended that agents be kept private.
      • RemoteRecon
        • RemoteRecon provides the ability to execute post-exploitation capabilities against a remote host, without having to expose your complete toolkit/agent. Often times as operator's we need to compromise a host, just so we can keylog or screenshot (or some other miniscule task) against a person/host of interest. Why should you have to push over beacon, empire, innuendo, meterpreter, or a custom RAT to the target? This increases the footprint that you have in the target environment, exposes functionality in your agent, and most likely your C2 infrastructure. An alternative would be to deploy a secondary agent to targets of interest and collect intelligence. Then store this data for retrieval at your discretion. If these compromised endpoints are discovered by IR teams, you lose those endpoints and the information you've collected, but nothing more.
      • Nuages
        • Nuages aims at being a C2 framework in which back end elements are open source, whilst implants and handlers must be developed ad hoc by users. As a result, it does not provide a way to generate implants, but an open source framework to develop and manage compatible implants that can leverage all the back end resources already developed.
        • Tutorial: Creating a custom full featured implant(Nuages)
    • C3
      • 101
        • C3 - Custom Command and Control - FSecure Labs
        • C3
          • C3 (Custom Command and Control) is a tool that allows Red Teams to rapidly develop and utilise esoteric command and control channels (C2). It's a framework that extends other red team tooling, such as the commercial Cobalt Strike (CS) product via ExternalC2, which is supported at release. It allows the Red Team to concern themselves only with the C2 they want to implement; relying on the robustness of C3 and the CS tooling to take care of the rest. This efficiency and reliability enable Red Teams to operate safely in critical client environments (by assuring a professional level of stability and security); whilst allowing for safe experimentation and rapid deployment of customised Tactics, Techniques and Procedures (TTPs). Thus, empowering Red Teams to emulate and simulate an adaptive real-world attacker.
      • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
  • C2 Frameworks
    • The C2 Matrix
    • ARTi-C2
      • Atomic-Red-Team-Intelligence-C2
        • ARTi-C2 is a modern execution framework built to empower security teams to scale attack scenario execution from single and multi-breach point targets with the intent to produce actionable attack intelligence that improves the effectiveness security products and incident response.
    • BlackMamba
      • BlackMamba
        • BlackMamba is a multi-client C2/post-exploitation framework
    • Deimos
      • DeimosC2
        • DeimosC2 is a Golang command and control framework for post-exploitation.
    • Covenant
    • FactionC2
      • The Faction C2 Framework
        • Faction is a C2 framework for security professionals, providing an easy way to extend and interact with agents. It focuses on providing an easy, stable, and approachable platform for C2 communications through well documented REST and Socket.IO APIs.
    • FudgeC2
      • FudgeC2
        • FudgeC2 is a Powershell command and control platform designed to facilitate team collaboration and campaign timelining. This aims to help clients better understand red team activities by presenting them with more granular detail of adversarial techniques. Built on Python3 with a web frontend, FudgeC2 aims to provide red teamers a simple interface in which to manage active implants across their campaigns.
    • Grat2
      • GRAT2
        • GRAT2 is a Command and Control (C2) tool written in python3 and the client in .NET 4.5.
    • goc2
    • Koadic
      • Koadic
        • Koadic, or COM Command & Control, is a Windows post-exploitation rootkit similar to other penetration testing tools such as Meterpreter and Powershell Empire. The major difference is that Koadic does most of its operations using Windows Script Host (a.k.a. JScript/VBScript), with compatibility in the core to support a default installation of Windows 2000 with no service packs (and potentially even versions of NT4) all the way through Windows 10.
      • Post Exploitation with KOADIC - Ian Kings
    • MacC2
      • MacC2
        • MacC2 is a macOS post exploitation tool written in python that uses Objective C calls or python libraries as opposed to command line executions. The client is written in python2, which though deprecated is still being shipped with base Big Sur installs. It is possible down the road that Apple will remove python2 (or python altogether) from base macOS installs but as of Nov 2020 this is not the case. Apple plans to eventually remove scripting runtimes from base macOS installs, but it is unknown when that will happen since Big Sur includes python.
    • Merlin
      • merlin
        • Merlin is a cross-platform post-exploitation HTTP/2 Command & Control server and agent written in golang.
      • Introducing Merlin — A cross-platform post-exploitation HTTP/2 Command & Control Tool - Russel Van Tuyl(2017)
      • Inside the Magic – A Merlin Walkthrough – Russel Van Tuyl (SO-CON 2020)
        • Web technologies continue to progress and with that brings an abundance of new protocols that aim to increase internet traffic efficiency and security. This introduces new capabilities into web browser which in-turn requires security tools and process to adapt for effective handling, monitoring, or detection. The TCP based HTTP/2 and the UDP based HTTP/3 protocols are two of the newer protocols that are used by major web browsers and could exist on your network. In this talk we'll do a walkthrough of Merlin, a post-exploitation Command and Control (C2) tool written in Go that leverages these protocols for Command and Control (C2) traffic. The presentation will go through an introduction to the HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 protocols along with other unique Merlin capabilities such as the OPAQUE key exchange, encrypted JSON Web Tokens, and dynamic JA3 client hash modification. The talk will conclude with a Power User section walking through Merlin's various menus and ways to avoid detections. Attend this presentation to increase your knowledge and capabilities of these newer version of HTTP.
    • Mouse
      • Mouse
        • Mouse Framework is an iOS and macOS post-exploitation framework that gives you a command line session with extra functionality between you and a target machine using only a simple Mouse payload. Mouse gives you the power and convenience of uploading and downloading files, tab completion, taking pictures, location tracking, shell command executio…
    • Mythic(Appfell)
      • 101
      • Talks/Presentations/Videos
        • From Zero to Hero: How to Create a Custom Mythic Agent - Cody Thomas and Josiah Massari
          • Learn how to create your own Mythic agent from scratch. In this two-hour workshop, we will create a new PowerShell agent that dynamically loads new commands, hooks into a few of Mythic's features, and provides an avenue to load 3rd party tooling. Come prepped with Mythic installed and you will leave with the code for your new Hercules agent.
        • Sharpening Our Arrows: Training with Apollo – Dwight Hohnstein (SO-CON 2020)
          • Apollo is the latest Windows-platform integration into the Mythic command-and-control framework. Apollo is open source, written in C#, and designed with training in mind to help students who take our course offerings better understand how different attack techniques are implemented at a technical level. Learn how to use an extensible and feature-rich Windows agent that leverages the rich functionality of Mythic in this hour-long debrief.
      • Clients
        • Poseidon
          • Golang Apfell Agent
        • Venus
          • Venus is a VS Code extension that acts as an agent for Mythic C2. It produces a zipped folder of VS Code extension source code, which currently must be packaged by the operator before delivering to target/test machines manually or via social engineering.
        • Apollo
          • Apollo is a Windows agent written in C# using the 4.0 .NET Framework designed for SpecterOps training offerings. Apollo lacks some evasive tradecraft provided by some commercial and open-source tools, such as more evasive network communications, PE manipulation, AMSI disabling, and otherwise; however, this project (in tandem with Mythic) is designed in a way that encourages students and operators to extend its functionality should they be so motivated.
    • NinjaC2
      • Ninja
        • Ninja C2 is an Open source C2 server created by Purple Team to do stealthy computer and Active directoty enumeration without being detected by SIEM and AVs , Ninja still in beta version and when the stable version released it will contains many more stealthy techniques and anti-forensic to create a real challenge for blue team to make sure all the defenses configured correctly and they can detect sophisticated attacks. Ninja use python to server the payload and control the agents . the agents are based on C# and powershell which can bypass leading AVs . Ninja comunicate with the agents in secure channel encrpyted with AES-256 and the key is not hard coded but randomly generated on the campaign start , every agent connect to the C2 get the key and if the C2 restarted a new key will be used by all old agents and the new. Ninja also randomize the callback URLs for every campaign to bypass static detection.
        • Introducing Ninja C2 : the C2 built for stealth red team Operations - Ahmed Khlief(2020)
    • Octopus
    • PoshC2
    • sak1to-shell
      • sak1to-shell
        • Multi-threaded c2 server and reverse shell client written in pure C.
    • Shadow
      • shad0w
        • SHAD0W is a modular C2 framework designed to successfully operate on mature enviroments. It will use a range of methods to evade EDR and AV while allowing the operator to continue using tooling an tradecraft they are familiar with. Its powered by Python 3.8 and C, using Donut for payload generation. By using Donut along side the process injection capabilities of SHAD0W it gives the operator the ability to execute .NET assemblies, EXEs, DLLs, VBS, JS or XSLs fully inside memory. Dynamically resolved syscalls are heavily used to avoid userland API hooking, anti DLL injection to make it harder for EDR to load code into the beacons and offical microsoft mitigation methods to protect spawn processes.
        • Blogpost
    • SharpC2
    • Silent Trinity
      • SILENTTRINITY
        • SILENTTRINITY is modern, asynchronous, multiplayer & multiserver C2/post-exploitation framework powered by Python 3 and .NETs DLR. It's the culmination of an extensive amount of research into using embedded third-party .NET scripting languages to dynamically call .NET API's, a technique the author coined as BYOI (Bring Your Own Interpreter). The aim of this tool and the BYOI concept is to shift the paradigm back to PowerShell style like attacks (as it offers much more flexibility over traditional C# tradecraft) only without using PowerShell in anyway.
      • Hunting for SILENTTRINITY - Wee-Jing Chung(2019)
        • SILENTTRINITY (byt3bl33d3r, 2018) is a recently released post-exploitation agent powered by IronPython and C#. This blog post will delve into how it works and techniques for detection.
      • SILENTTRINITY - DarthSidious
        • Using Kali as a C2 Server
      • How to Use Silent Trinity - Bresaola 0.3.0dev - H4cklife!!
    • Sliver
      • Sliver
        • Sliver is a general purpose cross-platform implant framework that supports C2 over Mutual-TLS, HTTP(S), and DNS. Implants are dynamically compiled with unique X.509 certificates signed by a per-instance certificate authority generated when you first run the binary. The server, client, and implant all support MacOS, Windows, and Linux (and possibly every Golang compiler target but we've not tested them all).
    • TrevorC2
      • TrevorC2
        • TrevorC2 is a client/server model for masking command and control through a normally browsable website. Detection becomes much harder as time intervals are different and does not use POST requests for data exfil.
  • C2 Communications
    • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
    • Talks/Presentations
      • DIY Command & Control For Fun And No Profit - David Schwartzberg(Derbycon2013)
        • Description: Many security professionals have heard about Command & Control botnets, even more have been infected by them. Very few have had the opportunity to actually look inside the server control panel of a C&C. This mainly hands – on presentation will walk you through a very dark corner of the Internet and provide a glimpse of the daily life of a cybercriminal. Live malware will be used during this presentation so make sure you turn off your Wi-Fi.
      • C2 Channels - Creative Evasion - Justin Wilson(Derbycon2017)
      • Shining light on new ways attackers are being creative with C2 channels.
      • Designing & building a stealth C2 LDAP channel - Rindert Kramer(Derbycon2019)
        • When organizations choose to isolate networks, they often choose to implement technologies like private VLANs, use separate hosts and hypervisors and maybe even separate physical locations in order to guarantee the isolation. But what if these separated environments share the same Active Directory environment? It's not hard to come up with ideas why this might seem like a good idea, however, it also provides an opportunity to exchange data over LDAP. After all, even in non-Windows environments LDAP is still used as a central node within the network. During this talk I will go into detail about the process of designing & building a stealth C2 LDAP channel, which makes communication between different strictly firewalled network segments possible.
      • Killsuit: The Equation Group's Swiss Army knife for persistence, evasion, and data exfil - Francisco Donoso(Derbycon2018)
        • Most researchers have focused on the Equation Group's brilliant exploits but very few researchers have focused on their extremely effective post exploitation capabilities. During this talk, we will dissect the KillSuit framework, the Equation Group's Swiss Army Knife for persistence, information gathering, defense evasion, and data exfiltration. KillSuit is a little-known part of the DanderSpritz post-exploitation toolkit, leaked by the Shadow Brokers in April 2017. KillSuit is a full featured and versatile framework used by a variety of the Equation Group's tools and implants. KillSuit provides the ability to stealthily establish persistence on machines, install keyloggers, packet capture tools, perform WiFi MITM, and other more information gathering tools. Killsuit includes many interesting ways to silently exfiltrate data and intel - including custom written IPSEC-like protocols and misuse of ""disabled"" WIFI cards and near-by open networks.
      • Sharing the Myth - Cody Thomas(2020)
      • Mythic External Agent
        • This repo defines the folder structure for an external Mythic agent that can be remotely "installed" into a Mythic instance. This process allows users to create their own Mythic agents and host them on their own GitHub repositories while also allowing an easy process to install agents.
      • LARRYCHATTER
        • Covert C2 Framework - PoC HAMMERTOSS Revenant - C2 over Twitter
      • Hunting the Hunters - RCE in Covenant C2 - 0xcoastal(2020)
      • Foxtrot C2: A Journey of Payload Delivery - Dimitry Snezhkov(Derbycon2018)
        • Slides
        • Execution of an offensive payload may begin with a safe delivery of the payload to the endpoint itself. When secure connections in the enterprise are inspected, reliance only on transmission level security may not be enough to accomplish that goal. Foxtrot C2 serves one goal: safe last mile delivery of payloads and commands between the external network and the internal point of presence, traversing intercepting proxies, with the end-to-end application level encryption. While the idea of end-to-end application encryption is certainly not new, the exact mechanism of Foxtrot's delivery implementation has advantages to Red Teams as it relies on a well known third party site, enjoying elevated ranking and above average domain fronting features. Payload delivery involves several OpSec defenses: sensible protection from direct attribution, active link expiration to evade consistent interception, inspection, tracking and replay activities by the defenders. Asymmetric communication channels will also be used. And if your standalone Foxtrot agent is caught, the delivery mechanism may live on, you could still manually bring the agent back into the environment via the browser. A concept tool built on these ideas will be presented and released. It will be used as basis for our discussion.
      • 99 Reasons Your Perimeter Is Leaking - Evolution of C&C - John Askew(Derbycon2018)
        • From the venerable bind shell, to the reverse shell, the IRC bot channel, the icmp/dns/custom UDP tunnel, and the asynchronous HTTP C&C server, remote access has taken many forms since we first began remotely exploiting software. Even today, many traditional methods will still frequently bypass firewalls and detection, and additional methods continue to be devised. But as an attacker, what do I do when my favorite method is blocked? What are my options other than reusing a stale python script from github or creating my own ad-hoc, informally-specified, bug-ridden, slow implementation of a high-level messaging protocol? And as a defender, how can I measure my ability to detect the diverse C&C traffic that may be seen today, and also prepare for new and unexpected channels? In this talk, we will discuss the evolution of command and control methods, their strengths and weaknesses from an attacker's perspective, and the capabilities of a defender to detect and respond to them. We will identify what aspects a forward-thinking C&C framework might require, and then demonstrate a proof-of-concept with 99(ish) different interchangeable methods for communication. Finally, we will discuss some of the shortcomings of egress filtering in enterprise environments that should be addressed in order to mature our detection and response in kind.
      • Victim Machine has joined #general: Using Third Party APIs as C&C Infrastructure - Stephen Hilt, Lord Alfred Remorin(Derbycon2017)
        • The popularity of third party chat applications is on the rise for both personal and enterprise use. They provide the ability to send brief messages similar to previously popular platforms such as ICQ, AIM, and even IRC. However, one of the main reasons they are being adopted is due to their functionality and cost. The challenge is that these same benefits are attracting cybercriminals to the services. Cybercriminals are utilizing legitimate chat services as command and control channels to facilitate malicious activity. To achieve this, actors are using the platforms’ API services to integrate custom applications within the chat platforms. On most of these platforms, “bots” are automated scripts that are running on a remote machine to provide integrated information, including anything from a cat fact and meme creation, to running OS commands. The APIs allow for flexibility to listen for an action and then perform a task based on the information. Threat actors are taking notice of this and utilizing API functions for command and control. This talk will delve into the API functions, and how malware and cybercriminals are utilizing these functions as command and control capabilities. Attendees will understand how to identify, mitigate and prevent such communications from happening in their own organizations.
      • The Art of C2: Myths vs. Reality - Yossi Sassi, Dor Amit(BSidesTLV2020)
      • Functional Cloud C2 - Chris Truncer(SANS HackFest Summit 2020)
        • It’s no surprise that attackers repurpose legitimate cloud services for malicious use, such as command and control. Defenders are also aware of this shift and have spent their time researching this move to build better defenses. As such, attackers are forced to innovate. Azure Functions is Microsoft’s entry into “server-less code”. Beyond developing code that can run anywhere in the cloud, it provides users with the ability to trigger arbitrary code execution that performs any task you’ve developed, including proxying communications. We’re going to look at how Azure Functions can be leveraged by security professionals, and attackers, for command and control. This talk will dive into two methods for establishing command and control communications while leveraging the cloud to control compromised systems.
    • Samples
      • cflsh
        • CloudFlare Worker Shell
      • Mistica
        • An open source swiss army knife for arbitrary communication over application protocols
  • Communication Channel Example PoCs
    • 404
    • ActiveDirectory Features
    • ARP
      • Zarp
        • Zarp is a network attack tool centered around the exploitation of local networks. This does not include system exploitation, but rather abusing networking protocols and stacks to take over, infiltrate, and knock out. Sessions can be managed to quickly poison and sniff multiple systems at once, dumping sensitive information automatically or to the attacker directly. Various sniffers are included to automatically parse usernames and passwords from various protocols, as well as view HTTP traffic and more. DoS attacks are included to knock out various systems and applications.
    • Browser
    • Chrome Extension
    • Cobalt Strike
      • External C2
        • A library for integrating communication channels with the Cobalt Strike External C2 server
    • DNS-based
      • C2 with DNS
      • dnscat2-powershell
        • A Powershell client for dnscat2, an encrypted DNS command and control tool
      • DNS-Persist
        • DNS-Persist is a post-exploitation agent which uses DNS for command and control. The server-side code is in Python and the agent is coded in C++.
      • ddor
        • ddor is a cross platform light weight backdoor that uses txt records to execute commands on infected machines.
    • Email
      • DicerosBicornis
        • A stealthy Python based Windows backdoor that uses email as a command and control server.
    • Firefox Send
      • Foxtrot C2
        • C&C to deliver files and shuttle command execution instructions between an external actor and an internal agent with the help of Firefox Private Encrypted File Sharing
    • Gmail
      • gcat
        • Command Line RAT that uses Gmail as its central C2Server. Bypassing common issues, such as the need for port forwarding or proxies.
    • Google Translate
    • HTTP/S-based
      • Galvatron
        • Powershell fork of Monohard by Carlos Ganoza P. This botnet/backdoor was designed to egress over unecrypted web using very little, but effective obfuscation. Egress over ICMP and DNS are planned as features. Lastly, the server code is designed to setup the C2 on a LAMP-esque server. The default creds are admin/admin.
      • C2 with https
      • C2 over TLS Certs - Casey Smith
      • ThunderShell
        • ThunderShell is a Powershell based RAT that rely on HTTP request to communicate. All the network traffic is encrypted using a second layer of RC4 to avoid SSL interception and defeat network hooks.
      • FruityC2
        • FruityC2 is a post-exploitation (and open source) framework based on the deployment of agents on compromised machines. Agents are managed from a web interface under the control of an operator.
      • PlugBot-C2C
        • This is the Command & Control component of the PlugBot project
      • EggShell
        • EggShell is an iOS and macOS post exploitation surveillance pentest tool written in Python. This tool creates 1 line multi stage payloads that give you a command line session with extra functionality. EggShell gives you the power and convenience of uploading/downloading files, taking pictures, location tracking, shell command execution, persistence, escalating privileges, password retrieval, and much more. Server communication features end to end encryption with 128 bit AES and the ability to handle multiple clients. This is a proof of concept pentest tool, intended for use on machines you own.
        • EggShell Blogpost
      • A Guide to Configuring Throwback
    • HTTP2
      • Merlin
        • Merlin is a cross-platform post-exploitation HTTP/2 Command & Control server and agent written in golang.
    • ICMP
    • Images/Imgur
      • Dali
        • Dali is the server-side half of an image-based C2 channel which utilizes Imgur to host images and task agents.
    • OCR
    • Office365
      • Callidus
        • Latin word for “sneaky” is called “Callidus”. It is developed for learning and improving my knowledge about developing custom toolset in C# and learning how to leverage cloud services for the benefit of the user. It is developed using .net core framework in C# language. Allows operators to leverage O365 services for establishing command & control communication channel. It usages Microsoft Graph APIs for communicating with O365 services.
      • Introduction to Callidus - 3xpl01tc0d3r(2020)
    • PAC
      • Pacdoor
        • Pacdoor is a proof-of-concept JavaScript malware implemented as a Proxy Auto-Configuration (PAC) File. Pacdoor includes a 2-way communication channel, ability to exfiltrate HTTPS URLs, disable access to cherry-picked URLs etc.
    • Print Jobs
    • Reddit
      • The Resilient Reddit C2
        • Twitter is frequently utilized to issue commands to a botnet: an account creates a post that is ran by a program locally on a user’s computer. Why limit it to Twitter? Reddit is a very viable platform that can be used to perform Command and Control operations while being able to blend in with other users as well as other network traffic. By combining multiple accounts with the post structure of Reddit, a Command and Control Herder can be persistent even past account or post deletion.
    • SSH
      • Spidernet
        • Proof of Concept of SSH Botnet C&C Using Python
    • Social Media-based
      • JSBN
        • JSBN is a bot client which interprets commands through Twitter, requiring no hosting of servers or infected hosts from the command issuer. It is written purely in javascript as a Proof-of-Concept for javascript's botnet potentials.
      • C2 with twitter
      • C2 with Telegram
      • BrainDamage
        • A fully featured backdoor that uses Telegram as a C&C server
      • twittor - twitter based backdoor
        • A stealthy Python based backdoor that uses Twitter (Direct Messages) as a command and control server This project has been inspired by Gcat which does the same but using a Gmail account.
      • Instegogram
      • canisrufus
        • A stealthy Python based Windows backdoor that uses Github as a command and control server.
    • SQL Server
    • Trello
      • TrelloC2
        • Simple C2 over the Trello API
    • WebDAV
    • Web Services
    • WebSockets
      • WSC2
        • WSC2 is a PoC of using the WebSockets and a browser process to serve as a C2 communication channel between an agent, running on the target system, and a controller acting as the actual C2 server.
      • [Using WebSockets and IE/Edge for C2 communications](https://arno0x0x.wordpress.com/2017/11/10/https://github.com/leoloobeek/GoG reen/blob/master/README.mdusing-websockets-and-ie-edge-for-c2-communications/)
      • MurDock - Mutable Universal Relay Document Kit
        • The purpose of this tool is to provide a protocol independent framework that contains a base set of features that can piggyback on top of any collaborative web platform or service. The base docClient and docServer are meant to be extended upon with Buffer classes written for individual web services. These buffer classes can be plugged into the MurDock framework in order to create a unique shell infrastructure that will always contains a base set of features, as well as the ability to tunnel over any web application traffic for which a buffer class has been constructed. The framework can be extended to operate over lower level protocols if desired.
      • PetaQ
        • PetaQ is a malware which is being developed in .NET Core/Framework to use websockets as Command & Control (C2) channels. It's designed to provide a Proof of Concept (PoC) websocket malware to the adversary simulation exercises (Red & Purple Team exercises).
    • WMI-based
      • WMImplant
        • WMImplant is a PowerShell based tool that leverages WMI to both perform actions against targeted machines, but also as the C2 channel for issuing commands and receiving results. WMImplant will likely require local administrator permissions on the targeted machine.
      • WheresMyImplant
        • A Bring Your Own Land Toolkit that Doubles as a WMI Provider
      • PowerProvider
        • PowerProvider: A toolkit to manipulate WMI. Used with WheresMyImplant
  • Papers
  • Cobalt Strike
  • Empire

Domains and Domain Related Things

Egress/Exfiltration

External Attack Surface

HW Related/Physical Devices/Implants
  • Access
    • RDP
      • xrdp
        • xrdp provides a graphical login to remote machines using Microsoft Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). xrdp accepts connections from a variety of RDP clients: FreeRDP, rdesktop, NeutrinoRDP and Microsoft Remote Desktop Client (for Windows, Mac OS, iOS and Android).
    • SSH
    • VPN
      • Penetration Testing Dropbox Part 2 - VPN Infrastructure - Casey Cammilleri
      • Wireguard
        • Wireguard - Wikipedia
          • WireGuard is a free and open-source software application and communication protocol that implements virtual private network (VPN) techniques to create secure point-to-point connections in routed or bridged configurations. It is run as a module inside the Linux kernel, and aims for better performance and more power saving than the IPsec and OpenVPN tunneling protocols. It was written by Jason A. Donenfeld and is published under the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2.
        • wg-access-server
          • wg-access-server is a single binary that provides a WireGuard VPN server and device management web ui. We support user authentication, 1 click device registration that works with Mac, Linux, Windows, Ios and Android including QR codes. You can configure different network isolation modes for better control and more. This project aims to deliver a simple VPN solution for developers, homelab enthusiasts and anyone else feeling adventurous.
  • Dropboxes
  • Physical Implants
    • Articles/Writeups
    • Papers
      • Stealthy Dopant-Level Hardware Trojans
        • Abstract: In this paper we propose an extremely stealthy approach for implementing hardware Trojans below the gate level, and we evaluate their impact on the security of the target device. Instead of adding additional circuitry to the target design, we insert our hardware Trojans by changing the dopant polarity of existing transistors. Since the modied circuit ap- pears legitimate on all wiring layers (including all metal and polysilicon), our family of Trojans is resistant to most detection techniques, including negrain optical inspection and checking against \golden chips". We demonstrate the e ectiveness of our approach by inserting Trojans into two designs | a digital post-processing derived from Intel's cryptographically secure RNG design used in the Ivy Bridge processors and a side-channel resistant SBox implementation | and by exploring their detectability and their effects on security.
      • Implementation and Implications of a Stealth Hard-Drive Backdoor
        • Modern workstations and servers implicitly trust hard disks to act as well-behaved block devices. This paper analyzes the catastrophic loss of security that occurs when hard disks are not trustworthy. First, we show that it is possible to compromise the firmware of a commercial ovt-the-shelf hard drive, by resorting only to public information and reverse engineering. Using such a compromised firmware, we present a stealth rootkit that replaces arbitrary blocks from the disk while they are written, providing a data replacement back- door . The measured performance overhead of the compromised disk drive is less than 1% compared with a normal, non-malicious disk drive. We then demonstrate that a re- mote attacker can even establish a communication channel with a compromised disk to infiltrate commands and to ex-filtrate data. In our example, this channel is established over the Internet to an unmodified web server that relies on the compromised drive for its storage, passing through the original webserver, database server, database storage engine, filesystem driver, and block device driver. Additional experiments, performed in an emulated disk-drive environment, could automatically extract sensitive data such as /etc/shadow (or a secret key le) in less than a minute. This paper claims that the diffculty of implementing such an at- tack is not limited to the area of government cyber-warfare; rather, it is well within the reach of moderately funded criminals, botnet herders and academic researchers.
      • Inside a low budget consumer hardware espionage implant
    • HID
      • What are malicious usb keys and how to create a realistic one? - Elie Bursztein(2016)
      • Talks/Presentations
        • The Rise Of Evil HID Devices - Franck Bitsch and Arthur Villeneuve(GreHack 2019)
          • Our talk will present the principle of malicious HID attack with its strengths and weaknesses. Three USB devices that can be used to launch an attack will be compared: a "rubber ducky", the WHID Injector device and the USBNinja cable. We will present the results of forensic analyses performed on corporate computers after our Redteam launched attacks using the previously introduced USB devices. We will focus on the traces left by these devices at the operating system level (event logs of interest, USB traces ...) and the data exfiltration techniques that can be used during this type of attack. We will introduce a principle of hardware investigation and how to locate interface pinout to try to dump the content of the suspicious device to analyse its “malicious” capabilities.
      • Teensy
        • USB teensy attack set OSX
        • Paensy
          • Paensy is a combination of the word payload and Teensy - Paensy is an attacker-oriented library written for the development of Teensy devices. Paensy simplifies mundane tasks and allows an easier platform for scripting.
          • Blogpost
    • Tooling
      • USBsamurai For Dummies - Luca Bongiorni
      • whid-31337
        • WHID Elite is a GSM-enabled Open-Source Multi-Purpose Offensive Device that allows a threat actor to remotely inject keystrokes, bypass air-gapped systems, conduct mousejacking attacks, do acoustic surveillance, RF replay attacks and much more.
      • WiFiDuck
        • Wireless keystroke injection attack platform
      • Caligo
        • Caligo is a simple C2 for hostile "dropbox" devices management used in physical security assessments. We have been using drop devices for a long time now but we never had an easy way to manage them especially when running multiple engagements at the same time with multiple devices for each. Caligo solves this problem by providing a client and server setup script which allows the user to control all of the devices from a web application.
        • Blogpost
      • Smuggle Bus
        • SmuggleBus is a Crowe developed USB bootable tool, built on a bare-bones Linux OS. It was designed to aid penetration testers and red teamers performing physical social engineering exercises.
      • Int3rcept0r
        • Raspberry Pi Zero USB to Ethernet adapter MITM Gadget similar to the Lan Turtle
      • Rubber Ducky on MacOS - Chad Duffey(2021)
  • Other
    • PentestHardware
      • Kinda useful notes collated together publicly
    • PhanTap (Phantom Tap)
      • PhanTap is an ‘invisible’ network tap aimed at red teams. With limited physical access to a target building, this tap can be installed inline between a network device and the corporate network. PhanTap is silent in the network and does not affect the victim’s traffic, even in networks having NAC (Network Access Control 802.1X - 2004). PhanTap will analyze traffic on the network and mask its traffic as the victim device. It can mount a tunnel back to a remote server, giving the user a foothold in the network for further analysis and pivoting. PhanTap is an OpenWrt package and should be compatible with any device. The physical device used for our testing is currently a small, inexpensive router, the GL.iNet GL-AR150. You can find a detailed blogpost describing PhanTap here
    • Tinyduck
      • The super tiny USB Rubber Ducky

Infrastructure

Implant & Payload Development

  • Creation & Development
    • 101
    • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
    • Papers
      • VXUG Papers
        • Research code & papers from members of vx-underground.
      • Multi-Stage Delivery of Malware - Marco Ramilli, Matt Bishop
        • Malware signature detectors use patterns of bytes, orvariations of patterns of bytes, to detect malware attemptingto enter a systems. This approach assumes the signaturesare both or sufficient length to identify the malware, andto distinguish it from non-malware objects entering the sys-tem. We describe a technique that can increase the difficultyof both to an arbitrary degree. This technique can exploitan optimization that many anti-virus systems use to makeinserting the malware simple; fortunately, this particularexploit is easy to detect, provided the optimization is notpresent. We describe some experiments to test the effective-ness of this technique in evading existing signature-basedmalware detectors.
    • Talks/Presentations/Videos
      • Hacking Malware: Offense Is the New Defense - Valsmith, Quist(2014)
        • The proliferation of malware is a serious problem, which grows in sophistication and complexity every day, but with this growth, comes a price. The price that malware pays for advanced features and sophistication is increased vulnerability to attack. Malware is a system, just like an OS or application. Systems employ security mechanisms to defend themselves and also suffer from vulnerabilities which can be exploited. Malware is no different. Malware authors are employing constantly evolving techniques including binary obfuscation, anti-debugging and anti-analysis, and built in attacks against protection systems such as anti-virus software and firewalls. This presentation will dig into these techniques and explain the basics. The idea of an open source malware analysis and research community will be explored. All the things the Anti-Virus vendors don't want you to know will be discussed. Methods for bypassing malware's security systems will be presented. These methods include detecting and defeating packers/encoders, hiding the debugger from the malware, and protecting analysis virtual machines. We will hack the malware.
      • Writing malware while the blue team is staring at you - Mubix "Rob" Fuller(Derbycon2016)
      • Pages from a sword-maker’s notebook - Vyrus(SHELLCON 2017)
        • This talk is an encapsulation of implemented solutions for achieving common requirements when constructing software designed to perform long term covert intelligence gathering. It is a “grab bag” of “tips and tricks” developed and or abstracted from previous works by the presenter in a variety of intelligence gathering operations, none of which will be specifically disclosed. Full source code (almost all of it written in Golang) will be provided for tactic snippets, as well as several publicly available practical examples of solutions to various covert intelligence gathering roadblocks. The technical details of this presentation will be prefaced by a small summery of “which tactics work from a methodical perspective and why” from a human perspective. Beyond this, specific mappings will be drawn from these methods to the specific technical capabilities disclosed in the latter portion of the presentation. The technical subjects in question will include but not be limited to. – anti virus evasion (with special emphasis on modern machine learning based solutions) – anti attribution techniques – covert channel methods – C2 “castle guarding” – covert administration & devops – solution scaling – persistence – future proofing – counter intelligence / anti reverse engineering.
      • Practical Implants for Windows in PowerShell - Chris Bad2Beef(SHELLCON2017)
        • Chances are there are a few things we all know about PowerShell. It’s great, it’s nearly ubiquitous on Windows, and we can get up to some crazy red team shenaniganry with it. One shouldn’t necessarily be judged if their knowledge of PowerShell ends there. After all, the information security space is far too vast for everyone to know everything. That said, we’re in a dangerous spot. So much thought space seems to be dedicated to matching pre-fabricated tools with pre-defined scenarios akin to the script kiddie methodology of yesteryear. We don’t need to be an expert on everything, but something that has become as core as PowerShell should at least warrant a little bit of study. To that end, we’ll walk through creation, execution, and persistence of a few basic implant prototypes written in PowerShell for Windows. Along the way we’ll look at a few different notes and techniques for coding, packaging, and execution within the contexts of detectability and mitigation. The talk will focus on practical instruction and key gimmies and gotchas. By the end of the discussion, the audience is expected to have a better understanding about how PowerShell tools are written an executed, leading to a greater command over existing tools and techniques. With a bit of additional study, the audience should be able to author tools of their own.
      • Malproxying: Leave Your Malware at Home - Hila Cohen, Amit Waisel(Defcon27)
        • During a classic cyber attack, one of the major offensive goals is to execute code remotely on valuable machines. The purpose of that code varies on the spectrum from information extraction to physical damage. As defenders, our goal is to detect and eliminate any malicious code activity, while hackers continuously find ways to bypass the most advanced detection mechanisms. It’s an endless cat-and-mouse game where new mitigations and features are continuously added to the endpoint protection solutions and even the OS itself in order to protect the users against newly discovered attack techniques. In this talk, we present a new approach for malicious code to bypass most of endpoint protection measures. Our approach covertly proxies the malicious code operations over the network, never deploying the actual malicious code on the victim side. We are going to execute code on an endpoint, without really storing the code on disk or loading it to memory. This technique potentially allows attackers to run malicious code on remote victims, in such a way that the code is undetected by the victim’s security solutions. We denote this technique as “malproxying”.
      • RATs Without Borders - Moving Your Chesse - Robert Neel(BsidesATX2019)
      • Offensive Tradecraft: Defence Evasion - Paul Laîné(Securi-Tay 2020)
        • Over the last years, the cyber security posture of companies is improving, and, despite the general opinion, anti-viruses and endpoint protections are more and more sophisticated against “day-to-day threats”. Additionally, defenders are better trained and more aware of the techniques, tactics and procedures (TTPs) used by the bad guys, which subsequently make them readier to detect and respond to incoming threats. The two objectives of this presentation are (i) to define the numerous challenges faced while building and deploying malwares nowadays, and (ii) to provide a non-exhaustive list of techniques and tactics that can be implement in order to bypass defence mechanisms.
      • Malware techniques from aggressor's perspective - Pawel Kordos, Patryk Czeczko(x33fcon2020)
        • We will demonstrate common techniques used by malicious software and leveraged by our team during adversary simulations, including: AV&sandbox evasion, code injection, persistence, C2 channels, polymorphic malware, environmental keying, obfuscation by API hashing and more… Sounds familiar? :) We will discuss techniques mentioned above. Code samples and working examples will be presented, including reverse engineer / malware analyst perspective. No boring slides, just working examples.
      • C++ for Hackers - Josh Lospinoso(2020)
        • Shift5 co-founder, Josh Lospinoso, talks about how C++ can be a vital tool for infosec developers. In this talk, he presents a simple Stage 0 Implant written in modern C++ to tool developers from Army Cyber Command. Along the way, he illuminates many features of C++, the C++ Standard Library, and the Boost Libraries that are highly useful when developing cybersecurity tools.
        • Code
    • Simple Samples
  • Anti-Tricks
    • Collection Projects
      • Unprotect Project
        • Malware authors spend a great deal of time and effort to develop complex code to perform malicious actions against a target system. It is crucial for malware to remain undetected and avoid sandbox analysis, antiviruses or malware analysts. With this kind of technics, malware are able to pass under the radar and stay undetected on a system. The goal of this free database is to centralize the information about malware evasion techniques. This project aims to provide Malware Analysts and Defenders with actionable insights and detection capabilities to shorten their response times.
      • al-khaser
        • Public malware techniques used in the wild: Virtual Machine, Emulation, Debuggers, Sandbox detection.
      • Evasion techniques - CheckPoint Research
        • Evasions Github
        • "In this encyclopedia we have attempted to gather all the known ways to detect virtualized environment grouping them into big categories. Some categories are inactive on main page: it means that content will be added later. If it isn’t stated explicitly which operating system is described, Windows is meant by default."
    • Anti-Debug
    • Anti-UnPackers
      • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
      • Presentations/Talks/Videos
      • Papers
        • Anti-Unpacker Tricks - Peter Ferrie
          • "Unpackers are as old as the packers themselves, but anti-unpacking tricks are a more recent development. These anti-unpacking tricks have developed quickly in number and, in some cases, complexity. In this paper, we will describe some of the most common anti-unpacking tricks, along with some countermeasures.
      • Tools
    • Anti-RE
    • Anti-Sandbox
      • Sandbox Detection
        • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
        • Evasion techniques - CheckPoint Research
          • Evasions Github
          • "In this encyclopedia we have attempted to gather all the known ways to detect virtualized environment grouping them into big categories. Some categories are inactive on main page: it means that content will be added later. If it isn’t stated explicitly which operating system is described, Windows is meant by default."
        • Papers
          • Sleeping Your Way out of the Sandbox - Hassan Mourad(2015)
          • Spotless Sandboxes: Evading Malware AnalysisSystems using Wear-and-Tear Artifacts - Najmeh Miramirkhani, Mahathi Priya Appini, Nick Nikiforakis, Michalis Polychronakis(2017)
            • We observe that as the fidelity and transparency of dynamicmalware analysis systems improves, malware authors can resortto other system characteristics that are indicative of artificialenvironments. We present a novel class of sandbox evasiontechniques that exploit the “wear and tear” that inevitably occurson real systems as a result of normal use. By moving beyond howrealistic a system looks like, to how realisticits past uselooks like,malware can effectively evade even sandboxes that do not exposeany instrumentation indicators, including bare-metal systems. Weinvestigate the feasibility of this evasion strategy by conductinga large-scale study of wear-and-tear artifacts collected from realuser devices and publicly available malware analysis services. Theresults of our evaluation are alarming: using simple decision treesderived from the analyzed data, malware can determine that asystem is an artificial environment and not a real user devicewith an accuracy of 92.86%. As a step towards defending againstwear-and-tear malware evasion, we develop statistical models thatcapture a system’s age and degree of use, which can be used toaid sandbox operators in creating system images that exhibit arealistic wear-and-tear state.
          • Stealthy and in-depth behavioral malware analysis with Zandbak - Tim van Dijk(2019)
            • "In this thesis, we present Zandbak: a malware analysis sandbox with in-depth analytical capabilities that defends against evasive techniques. Zandbak resides purely in kernel space, making it nearly undetectable to user space malware which does not have the necessary privileges to detect the presence of Zandbak. Furthermore, Zandbak has novel approaches and techniques to performing real-time stack walking, snapshotting and infection scope tracking. We describe the implementation of Zandbak in detail. We perform a series of experiments and a case study where we analyze an implant of the PlugX malware. With this, we demonstrate that Zandbak indeed bypasses anti-analysis techniques used in the wild and has the ability to perform in-depth analysis."
        • Presentations/Talks/Videos
          • Countering Innovative Sandbox Evasion Techniques Used by Malware - Frederic Besler, Carsten Willems, and Ralf Hund(FIRST2017)
          • Operating System Fingerprinting for Virtual Machines - Nguyen Anh Quynh(Defcon18)
            • Slides
            • This paper analyzes the drawbacks of current OSF approaches against VM in the cloud, then introduces a novel method, named UFO, to fingerprint OS running inside VM. Our solution fixes all the above problems: Firstly, it can recognize all the available OS variants and (in lots of cases) exact OS versions with excellent accuracy, regardless of OS tweaking. Secondly, UFO is extremely fast. Last but not least, it is hypervisor-independent: we proved that by implementing UFO for Xen and Hyper-V.
          • Sandbox fingerprinting: Evadiendo entornos de análisis - Roberto Amado & Victor Calvo(RootedCon2020)
            • This talk will therefore present the results of the study of the operation of different online automatic file analysis services in order to avoid them. In addition, this study is completed with different factors that try to identify which service is performing the analysis in order to better understand the tools of the defenders. In a complementary way, the possibility of identifying / attacking the analysts in charge of studying the threats will be exposed through vulnerabilities identified in the management panels of some sandboxes such as Virustotal and which were reported to the Google team. This last technique allows identifying which analyst or entity is analyzing the malicious sample. The audience will be able, from a Blue team point of view, to identify which aspects of their sandbox solutions should improve to avoid their evasion and, on the other hand, from a Red Team point of view, which control elements should be applied to their attack tools to avoid the greater part of these security solutions.
        • Tools
          • wsb-detect
            • "wsb-detect enables you to detect if you are running in Windows Sandbox ("WSB"). The sandbox is used by Windows Defender for dynamic analysis, and commonly manually by security analysts and alike. At the tail end of 2019, Microsoft introduced a new feature named Windows Sandbox (WSB for short). The techniques used to fingerprint WSB are outlined below, in the techniques section."
          • Pufferfish
            • The goal of this project is to create a way to utilize (userland) Sandbox checks into offensive workflow in a flexible, robust and opsec safe manner. Mainly, to address the decision making process of payload detonation in destination environment.
          • Fake Sandbox Artifacts (FSA)
            • This script allows you to create various artifacts on a bare-metal Windows computer in an attempt to trick malwares that looks for VM or analysis tools
          • anti-analysis-tricks
            • Bunch of techniques potentially used by malware to detect analysis environments
          • No_Sandboxes
            • Test suite for bypassing Malware sandboxes.
          • anticuckoo
          • al-khaser
            • Public malware techniques used in the wild: Virtual Machine, Emulation, Debuggers, Sandbox detection.
          • InviZzzible
            • "InviZzzible is a tool for assessment of your virtual environments in an easy and reliable way. It contains the most recent and up to date detection and evasion techniques as well as fixes for them."
    • Anti-VM
      • 101
        • Evasions
          • "Evasions encyclopedia gathers methods used by malware to evade detection when run in virtualized environment. Methods are grouped into categories for ease of searching and understanding. Also provided are code samples, signature recommendations and countermeasures within each category for the described techniques."
      • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
      • Presentations/Talks/Videos
      • Tools
      • Tools
    • Bring-Your-Own-*
    • Crypters
    • Cryptography
      • Tools
        • aes_dust
          • Unlicensed tiny / small portable implementation of 128/256-bit AES encryption in C, x86, AMD64, ARM32 and ARM64 assembly
        • Secure Compatible Encryption Examples
          • A collection of secure encryption examples for encrypting strings and binary data.
        • Themis
          • Easy to use cryptographic framework for data protection: secure messaging with forward secrecy and secure data storage. Has unified APIs across 14 platforms.
    • Obfuscation Techniques
      • 101
      • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
      • Talks/Presentations/Videos
        • Binary Obfuscation from the Top-Down: Obfuscating Executables Without Writing Assembly - Sean "Frank^2(Defcon17)
          • Slides
          • Binary obfuscation is commonly applied in malware and by software vendors in order to frustrate the efforts of reverse engineers to understand the underlying code. A common misconception is one must be a master of assembly in order to properly obfuscate a binary. However, with knowledge of compiler optimizations and certain keywords, one can frustratingly obfuscate their binary simply by writing specifically crafted high-level code. This talk will attempt to teach an array of methods that can be employed to obfuscate a binary as it is compiled rather than afterward. Knowledge of C/C++ is the only prerequisite for this talk.
        • Data Obfuscation: How to hide data and payloads to make them "not exist" (in a mathematically optimal way) - Parker Schmitt(Derbycon2016)
          • Many times the answer to any question about cryptography is: "never roll your own crypto". While the logic behind this is understandable it has become a bit of a lost art. Despite the fact that for the most part standard crypto used in normal situations works; when trying to hide the existence of encrypted data alltogether it is far from an optimal solution. Most modern crypto is designed with the fact that the evesdropper knows that an encrypted message exists. However these days with ssl proxys, reversing antivirus, and "anti-crypto" law proposals the assumption that having an evesdropper knowing the existence of said crypto is no longer an easy concession. Despite the fact of many "next-gen" antiviruses failing to detect many obfuscation methods using algorithms such as AES for encrypting a payload is the WRONG way. The reason they are not detected is such an antivirus is just not looking for traces of such an algorithm. From a forensics standpoint, if you're using AES the private key is on the victim's machine for example. In addition, the permutations or S-Boxes are well known permutations and easy to spot in your algorithm. This talk will be on how to design algorithms to make the existence of the cryptography unknown. We will keep some of it high level but also show how to properly implement your own cryptography and/or steganography in such a way that the evesdropper doesn't know it exists. We will talk about side channels and how to keep out of band and/or homemade crypto "cryptographically strong" but also how to generate it on the fly so that no only can you encrypt data in side channels, you can generate a new algorithm on the fly. We want to make it so the randomness of the algorithm itself is "cryptographically strong" Even though many next-gen antivirus fails at such detection as it inproves we need to study obfuscation as much as the mathematics and/or science of standard cryptography.
        • An Effective Approach to Software Obfuscation - Yu-Jye Tung(BSidesSF2020)
          • Understanding the essential aspects that make up obfuscation allows us to see the fundamental flaw with modern obfuscation implementations and the right way to approach it. We use examples of modern obfuscation techniques to illustrate our points and demonstrate an example of the correct approach.
      • Papers
        • Obfuscation for object-oriented programs: dismantling instance methods - Heh-Tyan Liaw, Shih-Chieh Wei(2013)
          • Code obfuscation can help software developers protect technological secrets. Code readability is greatly enhanced with object-oriented technology that represents dynamic binding using instance method invocation. Therefore, dismantling instance methods is proposed in this paper as a critical obfuscating technique for object-oriented programs. The interception classes are interpolated first into the project. The static images and the up forwarders are then created. For each virtual function system and each interface function system, a respective dispatching function is set up. By properly arranging the class identifiers and binding identifiers, the switch statement in the dispatching function can be compiled into constant-time low-level code. After using dispatching functions to simulate virtual function system or interface function system invocations, all original instance methods in the project will be removed. Interception functions and export functions are indispensable in supporting the operation of callback methods. A prototype of our obfuscation system was implemented and successfully tested on some practical scale applications.
        • Layered obfuscation: a taxonomy of software obfuscation techniques for layered security - Hui Xu, Yangfan Zhou, Jiang Ming, Michael Lyu(2020)
          • In the paper, we conduct a systematic review of existing obfuscation techniques based on the idea of layered obfuscation and develop a novel taxonomy of obfuscation techniques. Following our taxonomy hierarchy, the obfuscation strategies under different branches are orthogonal to each other. In this way, it can assist developers in choosing obfuscation techniques and designing layered obfuscation solutions based on their specific requirements.
        • malWASH: Washing Malware to Evade Dynamic Analysis - Kyriakos K. Ispoglou, Mathias Payer
          • We present malWASH, a dynamic diversification engine that executes an arbitrary program without being detected by dynamic analysis tools. Target programs are chopped into small components that are then executed in the context of other processes, hiding the behavior of the original program in a stream of benign behavior of a large number of processes. A scheduler connects these components and transfers state between the different processes. The execution of the benign processes is not impacted. Furthermore, malWASH ensures that the executing program remains persistent, complicating the removal process.
      • Tools
        • Tigress_protection
          • "Playing with the Tigress binary protection. Break some of its protections and solve some of its challenges. Automatic deobfuscation using symbolic execution, taint analysis and LLVM."
        • malWASH v2.0
          • "malWASH is a dynamic diversification engine that executes an arbitrary program without being detected by dynamic analysis tools. In other words, it is a malware engine, that can make existing malware, to evade all existing behavioral and dynamic analysis detection methods. Note that malWASH is research project (i.e. not stable). The goal of this project is to demonstrate that this new generation of malware is possible. It needs a lot of additional work to become a tool that can be used in the wild."
      • Compiler-based
      • MarkovChains
      • Shellcode-based
      • VirtualMachine-based
        • LLVM
          • 101
          • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
          • Tools
            • x86 Code Virtualizer
              • Open-source and lite application to obfuscate binary codes and makes challenge for reverse engineers to understand code.
            • NoVmp
              • NoVmp is a project devirtualizing VMProtect x64 3.0 - 3.5 (latest) into optimized VTIL and optionally recompiling back to x64 using the Virtual-machine Translation Intermediate Language library. It is rather experimental and is mostly a PoC I wanted to release. Most things can be improved especially with the new NativeLifters repo, but it did not exist back in the time this was written.
            • StackVMSharp
              • A stack and register based virtual machine which can compile and run arbitrary code in runtime.
      • Steganography
        • 101
        • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
        • Tools
    • Meta/Poly/Oligo-Morphism
    • Packers
    • USB
      • libusb
        • libusb is a library for USB device access from Linux, macOS, Windows, OpenBSD/NetBSD, Haiku and Solaris userspace.
  • General Evasion Stuff
  • Updates
  • Network Communications
    • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
      • Designing Peer-To-Peer Command and Control - cobbr(2019)
        • "In this post we will discuss the design and implementation of peer-to-peer command and control protocols in general, as well as the concrete example of the peer-to-peer design implemented in Covenant, an open-source command and control framework, as of v0.2 (released today), which I will refer to often."
    • Talks/Presentations
      • DIY Command & Control For Fun And No Profit - David Schwartzberg(Derbycon2013)
        • Description: Many security professionals have heard about Command & Control botnets, even more have been infected by them. Very few have had the opportunity to actually look inside the server control panel of a C&C. This mainly hands – on presentation will walk you through a very dark corner of the Internet and provide a glimpse of the daily life of a cybercriminal. Live malware will be used during this presentation so make sure you turn off your Wi-Fi.
      • C2 Channels - Creative Evasion - Justin Wilson(Derbycon2017)
      • Shining light on new ways attackers are being creative with C2 channels.
      • Designing & building a stealth C2 LDAP channel - Rindert Kramer(Derbycon2019)
        • When organizations choose to isolate networks, they often choose to implement technologies like private VLANs, use separate hosts and hypervisors and maybe even separate physical locations in order to guarantee the isolation. But what if these separated environments share the same Active Directory environment? It's not hard to come up with ideas why this might seem like a good idea, however, it also provides an opportunity to exchange data over LDAP. After all, even in non-Windows environments LDAP is still used as a central node within the network. During this talk I will go into detail about the process of designing & building a stealth C2 LDAP channel, which makes communication between different strictly firewalled network segments possible.
      • Killsuit: The Equation Group's Swiss Army knife for persistence, evasion, and data exfil - Francisco Donoso(Derbycon2018)
        • Most researchers have focused on the Equation Group's brilliant exploits but very few researchers have focused on their extremely effective post exploitation capabilities. During this talk, we will dissect the KillSuit framework, the Equation Group's Swiss Army Knife for persistence, information gathering, defense evasion, and data exfiltration. KillSuit is a little-known part of the DanderSpritz post-exploitation toolkit, leaked by the Shadow Brokers in April 2017. KillSuit is a full featured and versatile framework used by a variety of the Equation Group's tools and implants. KillSuit provides the ability to stealthily establish persistence on machines, install keyloggers, packet capture tools, perform WiFi MITM, and other more information gathering tools. Killsuit includes many interesting ways to silently exfiltrate data and intel - including custom written IPSEC-like protocols and misuse of ""disabled"" WIFI cards and near-by open networks.
      • Sharing the Myth - Cody Thomas(2020)
      • Mythic External Agent
        • This repo defines the folder structure for an external Mythic agent that can be remotely "installed" into a Mythic instance. This process allows users to create their own Mythic agents and host them on their own GitHub repositories while also allowing an easy process to install agents.
      • LARRYCHATTER
        • Covert C2 Framework - PoC HAMMERTOSS Revenant - C2 over Twitter
      • Hunting the Hunters - RCE in Covenant C2 - 0xcoastal(2020)
      • Foxtrot C2: A Journey of Payload Delivery - Dimitry Snezhkov(Derbycon2018)
        • Slides
        • Execution of an offensive payload may begin with a safe delivery of the payload to the endpoint itself. When secure connections in the enterprise are inspected, reliance only on transmission level security may not be enough to accomplish that goal. Foxtrot C2 serves one goal: safe last mile delivery of payloads and commands between the external network and the internal point of presence, traversing intercepting proxies, with the end-to-end application level encryption. While the idea of end-to-end application encryption is certainly not new, the exact mechanism of Foxtrot's delivery implementation has advantages to Red Teams as it relies on a well known third party site, enjoying elevated ranking and above average domain fronting features. Payload delivery involves several OpSec defenses: sensible protection from direct attribution, active link expiration to evade consistent interception, inspection, tracking and replay activities by the defenders. Asymmetric communication channels will also be used. And if your standalone Foxtrot agent is caught, the delivery mechanism may live on, you could still manually bring the agent back into the environment via the browser. A concept tool built on these ideas will be presented and released. It will be used as basis for our discussion.
      • 99 Reasons Your Perimeter Is Leaking - Evolution of C&C - John Askew(Derbycon2018)
        • From the venerable bind shell, to the reverse shell, the IRC bot channel, the icmp/dns/custom UDP tunnel, and the asynchronous HTTP C&C server, remote access has taken many forms since we first began remotely exploiting software. Even today, many traditional methods will still frequently bypass firewalls and detection, and additional methods continue to be devised. But as an attacker, what do I do when my favorite method is blocked? What are my options other than reusing a stale python script from github or creating my own ad-hoc, informally-specified, bug-ridden, slow implementation of a high-level messaging protocol? And as a defender, how can I measure my ability to detect the diverse C&C traffic that may be seen today, and also prepare for new and unexpected channels? In this talk, we will discuss the evolution of command and control methods, their strengths and weaknesses from an attacker's perspective, and the capabilities of a defender to detect and respond to them. We will identify what aspects a forward-thinking C&C framework might require, and then demonstrate a proof-of-concept with 99(ish) different interchangeable methods for communication. Finally, we will discuss some of the shortcomings of egress filtering in enterprise environments that should be addressed in order to mature our detection and response in kind.
      • Victim Machine has joined #general: Using Third Party APIs as C&C Infrastructure - Stephen Hilt, Lord Alfred Remorin(Derbycon2017)
        • The popularity of third party chat applications is on the rise for both personal and enterprise use. They provide the ability to send brief messages similar to previously popular platforms such as ICQ, AIM, and even IRC. However, one of the main reasons they are being adopted is due to their functionality and cost. The challenge is that these same benefits are attracting cybercriminals to the services. Cybercriminals are utilizing legitimate chat services as command and control channels to facilitate malicious activity. To achieve this, actors are using the platforms’ API services to integrate custom applications within the chat platforms. On most of these platforms, “bots” are automated scripts that are running on a remote machine to provide integrated information, including anything from a cat fact and meme creation, to running OS commands. The APIs allow for flexibility to listen for an action and then perform a task based on the information. Threat actors are taking notice of this and utilizing API functions for command and control. This talk will delve into the API functions, and how malware and cybercriminals are utilizing these functions as command and control capabilities. Attendees will understand how to identify, mitigate and prevent such communications from happening in their own organizations.
      • The Art of C2: Myths vs. Reality - Yossi Sassi, Dor Amit(BSidesTLV2020)
      • Functional Cloud C2 - Chris Truncer(SANS HackFest Summit 2020)
        • It’s no surprise that attackers repurpose legitimate cloud services for malicious use, such as command and control. Defenders are also aware of this shift and have spent their time researching this move to build better defenses. As such, attackers are forced to innovate. Azure Functions is Microsoft’s entry into “server-less code”. Beyond developing code that can run anywhere in the cloud, it provides users with the ability to trigger arbitrary code execution that performs any task you’ve developed, including proxying communications. We’re going to look at how Azure Functions can be leveraged by security professionals, and attackers, for command and control. This talk will dive into two methods for establishing command and control communications while leveraging the cloud to control compromised systems.
    • Data-Serialization-related
    • Authentication Methods
      • OPAQUE
        • opaque(rust implementation)
          • OPAQUE protocol, a secure asymmetric password authenticated key exchange (aPAKE) that supports mutual authentication in a client-server setting without reliance on PKI and with security against pre-computation attacks upon server compromise.
    • Tools
      • Toxiproxy
        • A TCP proxy to simulate network and system conditions for chaos and resiliency testing
  • Communication Channel Examples/Samples/PoCs
    • Samples
      • cflsh
        • CloudFlare Worker Shell
      • Mistica
        • An open source swiss army knife for arbitrary communication over application protocols
    • 404
    • ActiveDirectory Features
    • ARP
      • Zarp
        • Zarp is a network attack tool centered around the exploitation of local networks. This does not include system exploitation, but rather abusing networking protocols and stacks to take over, infiltrate, and knock out. Sessions can be managed to quickly poison and sniff multiple systems at once, dumping sensitive information automatically or to the attacker directly. Various sniffers are included to automatically parse usernames and passwords from various protocols, as well as view HTTP traffic and more. DoS attacks are included to knock out various systems and applications.
    • Browser
    • Chrome Extension
    • Cobalt Strike
      • External C2
        • A library for integrating communication channels with the Cobalt Strike External C2 server
    • DNS
      • 101
      • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
        • C2 with DNS - NetbiosX(2017)
        • DNS for red team purposes - redteam.pl(2020)
          • In the following blog post I would like to demonstrate a proof-of-concept for how red teamers can build DNS command & control (DNS C2, DNS C&C), perform DNS rebinding attack and create fast flux DNS. We will focus only on the DNS server part without building a complete working platform.
      • Tools
        • dnscat2-powershell
          • A Powershell client for dnscat2, an encrypted DNS command and control tool
        • DNS-Persist
          • DNS-Persist is a post-exploitation agent which uses DNS for command and control. The server-side code is in Python and the agent is coded in C++.
        • ddor
          • ddor is a cross platform light weight backdoor that uses txt records to execute commands on infected machines.
        • DNSStager
          • "DNSStager is an open-source project based on Python used to hide and transfer your payload using DNS. DNSStager will create a malicious DNS server that handles DNS requests to your domain and return your payload as a response to specific record requests such as AAAA or TXT records after splitting it into chunks and encoding the payload using different algorithms."
    • DNS-over-HTTPS(DoH)
    • Email
      • Agnostic
        • DicerosBicornis
          • A stealthy Python based Windows backdoor that uses email as a command and control server.
      • Gmail
        • gcat
          • Command Line RAT that uses Gmail as its central C2Server. Bypassing common issues, such as the need for port forwarding or proxies.
    • Firefox Send
      • Foxtrot C2
        • C&C to deliver files and shuttle command execution instructions between an external actor and an internal agent with the help of Firefox Private Encrypted File Sharing
    • Google Translate
    • HTTP/S
      • 101
      • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
      • Tools
        • Galvatron
          • Powershell fork of Monohard by Carlos Ganoza P. This botnet/backdoor was designed to egress over unecrypted web using very little, but effective obfuscation. Egress over ICMP and DNS are planned as features. Lastly, the server code is designed to setup the C2 on a LAMP-esque server. The default creds are admin/admin.
        • C2 over TLS Certs - Casey Smith
        • ThunderShell
          • ThunderShell is a Powershell based RAT that rely on HTTP request to communicate. All the network traffic is encrypted using a second layer of RC4 to avoid SSL interception and defeat network hooks.
        • FruityC2
          • FruityC2 is a post-exploitation (and open source) framework based on the deployment of agents on compromised machines. Agents are managed from a web interface under the control of an operator.
        • PlugBot-C2C
          • This is the Command & Control component of the PlugBot project
        • EggShell
          • EggShell is an iOS and macOS post exploitation surveillance pentest tool written in Python. This tool creates 1 line multi stage payloads that give you a command line session with extra functionality. EggShell gives you the power and convenience of uploading/downloading files, taking pictures, location tracking, shell command execution, persistence, escalating privileges, password retrieval, and much more. Server communication features end to end encryption with 128 bit AES and the ability to handle multiple clients. This is a proof of concept pentest tool, intended for use on machines you own.
        • EggShell Blogpost
        • A Guide to Configuring Throwback
    • HTTP/2
      • 101
      • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
      • Tools
    • HTTP3
      • 101
      • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
      • Tools
        • Merlin
          • Merlin is a cross-platform post-exploitation HTTP/2 Command & Control server and agent written in golang.
    • ICMP
    • Images/Imgur
      • Dali
        • Dali is the server-side half of an image-based C2 channel which utilizes Imgur to host images and task agents.
    • Named Pipes
      • AsyncNamedPipes
        • Quick PoC to send and receive messages over Named Pipes asynchronously. Start Server.exe and then Client.exe.
    • OCR
    • Office365
      • Callidus
        • Latin word for “sneaky” is called “Callidus”. It is developed for learning and improving my knowledge about developing custom toolset in C# and learning how to leverage cloud services for the benefit of the user. It is developed using .net core framework in C# language. Allows operators to leverage O365 services for establishing command & control communication channel. It usages Microsoft Graph APIs for communicating with O365 services.
      • Introduction to Callidus - 3xpl01tc0d3r(2020)
    • PAC
      • Pacdoor
        • Pacdoor is a proof-of-concept JavaScript malware implemented as a Proxy Auto-Configuration (PAC) File. Pacdoor includes a 2-way communication channel, ability to exfiltrate HTTPS URLs, disable access to cherry-picked URLs etc.
    • Print Jobs
    • QUIC
      • 101
      • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
      • Tools
    • Reddit
      • The Resilient Reddit C2
        • Twitter is frequently utilized to issue commands to a botnet: an account creates a post that is ran by a program locally on a user’s computer. Why limit it to Twitter? Reddit is a very viable platform that can be used to perform Command and Control operations while being able to blend in with other users as well as other network traffic. By combining multiple accounts with the post structure of Reddit, a Command and Control Herder can be persistent even past account or post deletion.
    • SSH
      • Spidernet
        • Proof of Concept of SSH Botnet C&C Using Python
    • Social Media-based
      • JSBN
        • JSBN is a bot client which interprets commands through Twitter, requiring no hosting of servers or infected hosts from the command issuer. It is written purely in javascript as a Proof-of-Concept for javascript's botnet potentials.
      • C2 with twitter
      • C2 with Telegram
      • BrainDamage
        • A fully featured backdoor that uses Telegram as a C&C server
      • twittor - twitter based backdoor
        • A stealthy Python based backdoor that uses Twitter (Direct Messages) as a command and control server This project has been inspired by Gcat which does the same but using a Gmail account.
      • Instegogram
      • canisrufus
        • A stealthy Python based Windows backdoor that uses Github as a command and control server.
    • SQL Server
    • Trello
      • TrelloC2
        • Simple C2 over the Trello API
    • WebDAV
    • Web Services
    • WebSockets
      • WSC2
        • WSC2 is a PoC of using the WebSockets and a browser process to serve as a C2 communication channel between an agent, running on the target system, and a controller acting as the actual C2 server.
      • Using WebSockets and IE/Edge for C2 communications
      • MurDock - Mutable Universal Relay Document Kit
        • The purpose of this tool is to provide a protocol independent framework that contains a base set of features that can piggyback on top of any collaborative web platform or service. The base docClient and docServer are meant to be extended upon with Buffer classes written for individual web services. These buffer classes can be plugged into the MurDock framework in order to create a unique shell infrastructure that will always contains a base set of features, as well as the ability to tunnel over any web application traffic for which a buffer class has been constructed. The framework can be extended to operate over lower level protocols if desired.
      • PetaQ
        • PetaQ is a malware which is being developed in .NET Core/Framework to use websockets as Command & Control (C2) channels. It's designed to provide a Proof of Concept (PoC) websocket malware to the adversary simulation exercises (Red & Purple Team exercises).
    • WireGuard
      • 101
      • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
      • Tools
    • WMI-based
      • WMImplant
        • WMImplant is a PowerShell based tool that leverages WMI to both perform actions against targeted machines, but also as the C2 channel for issuing commands and receiving results. WMImplant will likely require local administrator permissions on the targeted machine.
      • WheresMyImplant
        • A Bring Your Own Land Toolkit that Doubles as a WMI Provider
      • PowerProvider
        • PowerProvider: A toolkit to manipulate WMI. Used with WheresMyImplant
    • Tricks
  • Publishing
  • Language Specific
    • AutoIT
    • Basic
    • C
      • ASM-related
      • Binary Files
        • LIEF
          • LIEF - Library to Instrument Executable Formats. The purpose of this project is to provide a cross platform library which can parse, modify and abstract ELF, PE and MachO formats.
        • Binary Loaders(C)
          • This repo is about small, self-contained implementations of various binary formats loaders (Macho on OSX, ELF on Linux/*BSD and PE on Windows). The rationale for these libraries is the following: You wrote an exploit and achieved arbitrary code execution. Now what? These loaders enable you to load and execute an arbitrary binary in your exploited process. The loaders are coded in a way that it's all done in memory, and they do not require access to system libraries/methods - it's all resolved on the fly. The Macho loader enables you to run bundle files, the ELF loader standard ELF files (no shared objects), and the PE loader enables you to run both DLLs and PE files alike.
      • Building/Compiler-related
        • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
        • Tools
          • ocean
            • A C/C++ build system/project manager written in Rust; Ocean is a project manager, similar to Rust's Cargo, for C and C++ written with Rust - that other systems programming language. The command syntax is very similar to that of Cargo's.
          • Awesome CMake
            • A curated list of awesome CMake resources, scripts, modules and examples.
          • CMake Examples
            • Useful CMake Examples
          • VC-LTL
            • Shared to msvcrt.dll or ucrtbase.dll and optimize the C/C++ application file size.
          • Cosmopolitan
            • " Cosmopolitan makes C a build-once run-anywhere language, similar to Java, except it doesn't require interpreters or virtual machines be installed beforehand. Cosmo provides the same portability benefits as high-level languages like Go and Rust, but it doesn't invent a new language and you won't need to configure a CI system to build separate binaries for each operating system. What Cosmopolitan focuses on is fixing C by decoupling it from platforms, so it can be pleasant to use for writing small unix programs that are easily distributed to a much broader audience. "
            • Code
      • C to X Lang
        • Go
          • c2goasm: C to Go Assembly
            • This is a tool to convert assembly as generated by a C/C++ compiler into Golang assembly. It is meant to be used in combination with asm2plan9s in order to automatically generate pure Go wrappers for C/C++ code (that may for instance take advantage of compiler SIMD intrinsics or template<> code).
        • Rust
          • C2Rust
            • "C2Rust helps you migrate C99-compliant code to Rust. The translator (or transpiler) produces unsafe Rust code that closely mirrors the input C code. The primary goal of the translator is to preserve functionality; test suites should continue to pass after translation. Generating safe and idiomatic Rust code from C ultimately requires manual effort. However, we are building a scriptable refactoring tool that reduces the tedium of doing so. You can also cross-check the translated code against the original (tutorial)."
      • CLI Parameters
        • ParamKit
          • A small library helping to parse commandline parameters (for C/C++ on Windows).
      • Collection
        • wcap
          • Simple and efficient screen recording utility for Windows.
      • Cryptographic Operations
        • Collections of
          • WjCryptLib
            • Public Domain C Library of Cryptographic functions. Including: MD5, SHA1, SHA256, SHA512, RC4, AES, AES-CTR, AES-OFB, AES-CBC
        • Encryption
        • Hashing
          • xxHash
            • xxHash is an Extremely fast Hash algorithm, running at RAM speed limits. It successfully completes the SMHasher test suite which evaluates collision, dispersion and randomness qualities of hash functions. Code is highly portable, and hashes are identical across all platforms (little / big endian).
          • K-Hash
            • "A simple single header 64 bit hash function using only add, sub, ror, and xor. This a just general-purpose hash function for like making hash maps and similar data-structures. It's is not a cryptographic hash function!"
          • sha-2
            • SHA-2 algorithm implementations
      • Data Storage
        • Compression
          • tinf - tiny inflate library
            • "tinf is a small library implementing the decompression algorithm for the deflate compressed data format (called 'inflate'). Deflate compression is used in e.g. zlib, gzip, zip, and png."
        • Storage
      • Discovery
        • LocalDllParse
          • Checks all loaded Dlls in the current process for a version resource. Useful for identifying EDRs on a system without making calls out of the current process and avoids all commonly monitored API calls. Just a PoC.
        • process-enumeration-stealth
          • "This is a simple PoC which allows you to return a list of PIDs currently using NTFS, by querying the \ntfs\ base device (the Windows filesystem base object). Using this method circumvents the need to use typical APIs, such as NtQuerySystemInformation or the higher level EnumProcesses. Using this non-typical reconnaissance method could allow operators to evade typical monitoring on endpoints 🎉. Thank you to Jonas Lyk for originally finding this bug."
        • Ps-Tools
      • Dissasembly
        • x86_dasm
          • "This lightweight library aims at providing x86-64 disassembling features while being compact and simple to understand and fix. There are no dependencies other than the C standard library, which can also be avoided with slight modifications, depending on the compilation options. It does not use any dynamic memory allocation."
      • ELF Loaders
      • Embedded Interpreters/Scripting
        • JavaScript
          • mujs
            • An embeddable Javascript interpreter in C.
      • Execution
      • GUI
        • Agnostic
          • raygui
            • raygui is a simple and easy-to-use immediate-mode-gui library.
        • Linux
        • macOS
        • Windows
          • SlimApp
            • A minimalist andf platform-agnostic application layer for writing graphical applications, with a strong emphasis on simplicity and ease of use.
        • LCUI
          • A small C library for building user interfaces with C, XML and CSS.
      • *-Injection
      • JSON
      • Loaders/Stage0/1 Samples
      • Networking
        • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
          • c-ares
            • A C library for asynchronous DNS requests
        • Tools
          • HevSocks5Core
            • A simple, lightweight socks5 library. (IPv4/IPv6/TCP/UDP/Client/Server)
          • EDR Sniper
            • Windows tool to drop TCP connections as they happen, like a PCAP-based firewall
          • MbedTLS
            • Mbed TLS is a C library that implements cryptographic primitives, X.509 certificate manipulation and the SSL/TLS and DTLS protocols. Its small code footprint makes it suitable for embedded systems.
      • Obfuscation
      • PE/COFF/DLL Loading
        • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
        • Tools/Examples
          • pedump
            • An simplest PE parser, which list all import and export entries
          • MemJect
            • Simple Dll injector loading from memory. Supports PE header and entry point erasure. Written in C99.
          • RunPE-In-Memory
            • Run a Exe File (PE Module) in memory (like an Application Loader)
          • COFFLoader
            • This is a quick and dirty COFF loader (AKA Beacon Object Files). Currently can run un-modified BOF's so it can be used for testing without a CS agent running it. The only exception is that the injection related beacon compatibility functions are just empty.
      • Polymorphism
        • Reflective Polymorphism
          • This project provides various utilities for the self-modification of PE images with the intention that they can be incorporated into external projects.
      • Publishing
        • tcc - Tiny C Compiler
        • cosmopolitan libc
          • Cosmopolitan makes C a build-once run-anywhere language, similar to Java, except it doesn't require interpreters or virtual machines be installed beforehand. Cosmo provides the same portability benefits as high-level languages like Go and Rust, but it doesn't invent a new language and you won't need to configure a CI system to build separate binaries for each operating system. What Cosmopolitan focuses on is fixing C by decoupling it from platforms, so it can be pleasant to use for writing small unix programs that are easily distributed to a much broader audience.
          • Code
      • Regular Expressions
        • tiny-regex-c
          • "Small and portable Regular Expression (regex) library written in C."
      • Samples/Examples
        • PersistentCReverseShell
          • A PERSISTENT FUD Backdoor ReverseShell coded in C for any Windows distro, that will make itself persistent on every BOOT and fire a decoy app in the foreground while connecting back to the attacker machine as a silent background process , spawning a POWERSHELL on the attacker machine.
        • AQUARMOURY
          • This is a tool suite consisting of miscellaneous offensive tooling aimed at red teamers/penetration testers to primarily aid in Defense Evasion TA0005;
        • revsh
          • A reverse shell with terminal support, data tunneling, and advanced pivoting capabilities.
      • Source Obfuscation
        • avcleaner
          • C/C++ source obfuscator for antivirus bypass
      • Testing
        • Criterion
          • A cross-platform C and C++ unit testing framework for the 21st century
      • WebServers
      • OS Specific
        • Linux
        • macOS
        • Windows
          • inline_syscall
            • Header only library that allows you to generate direct syscall instructions in an optimized, inlineable and easy to use manner.
      • Other Stuff(unsorted/didn't fit above)
    • C++
      • Tradecraft
      • Binaries
        • LIEF
          • LIEF - Library to Instrument Executable Formats. The purpose of this project is to provide a cross platform library which can parse, modify and abstract ELF, PE and MachO formats.
      • Examples/Samples
        • serpentine
          • C++/Win32/Boost Windows RAT (Remote Administration Tool) with a multiplatform Java/Spring RESTful C2 server and Go, C++/Qt5 frontends
        • ghost
        • Source Code Files for Building C2 Implants in C++: A Primer
        • UBoat HTTP
          • A proof-of-concept HTTP Botnet designed to replicate a full weaponized commercial botnet. * cpp-implant
          • A simple implant showcasing modern C++
        • revp
          • Reverse HTTP proxy that works on Linux, Windows, and macOS. Made with C++ and Boost.
        • WSAAcceptBackdoor
          • This project is a POC implementation for a DLL implant that acts as a backdoor for accept Winsock API calls. Once the DLL is injected into the target process, every accept call is intercepted using the Microsoft's detour library and redirected into the BackdooredAccept function. When a socket connection with a pre-defined special source port is establised, BackdooredAccept function launches a cmd.exe process and binds the accepted socket to the process STD(OUT/IN) using a named pipe.
        • RTO-Implant
          • This is an overview of my RTO-Implant from the Malware Development Essentials Course by @Sektor7Net
        • TinyNuke
          • zeus-style banking trojan
        • Keylogger
          • Simple C++ Keylogger...
        • Callidus
          • Blogpost
          • Latin word for “sneaky” is called “Callidus”. It is developed for learning and improving my knowledge about developing custom toolset in C# and learning how to leverage cloud services for the benefit of the user. It is developed using .net core framework in C# language. Allows operators to leverage O365 services for establishing command & control communication channel. It usages Microsoft Graph APIs for communicating with O365 services.
      • Crypter/Obfuscator
        • Articles
        • Tools/Libraries
          • avcleaner
            • C/C++ source obfuscator for antivirus bypass
          • Simple-XTEA-Crypter
            • Simple runtime crypter in C++.
          • ADVobfuscator
            • ADVobfuscator demonstates how to use C++11/14 language to generate, at compile time, obfuscated code without using any external tool and without modifying the compiler. The technics presented rely only on C++11/14, as standardized by ISO. It shows also how to introduce some form of randomness to generate polymorphic code and it gives some concrete examples like the encryption of strings literals and the obfuscation of calls using finite state machines.
          • Obfuscate
            • Guaranteed compile-time string literal obfuscation header-only library for C++14.
          • Rubicon
            • "Rubicon is designed to provide a barebones custom encryption algorithm (which I encourage you to further customize!) which will be crafted into C++ payloads for you! That's right, you won't have to write any C++ (but you will need to compile it), but you will benefit from your shellcode being custom encrypted in unmanaged code. It is a basic stream cipher which is implemented as, fundamentally, a Caesar cipher. It is NOT meant to be cryptographically secure, but to prevent automated detection/analysis from detecting malicious payloads. It calls NO crypto libraries when decrypted (except python does call the library secrets, but that isn't inherently for crypto as opposed to randomness), which is a big plus to avoiding automated detection."
          • cpp-obfuscator
            • C++ implementation of compile time obfuscator
      • Networking
        • liblacewing
          • liblacewing is a library for writing cross-platform, networked applications in C/C++.
        • winhttp
          • C++ wrapper around the WinHTTP library
      • PE32
        • libpebliss
          • Cross-Platform PE(Portable Executable) Manipulating Library
      • Shellcode/Injection
        • Articles
        • Tools/Libraries
          • netstub
            • Create a C++ PE which loads an XTEA-crypted .NET PE shellcode in memory.
          • Shellcode Compiler
            • Shellcode Compiler is a program that compiles C/C++ style code into a small, position-independent and NULL-free shellcode for Windows (x86 and x64) and Linux (x86 and x64). It is possible to call any Windows API function or Linux syscall in a user-friendly way.
          • CodeInjection
            • Code Injection technique written in cpp language
      • Unhooking
        • Firewalker
          • This repo contains a simple library which can be used to add FireWalker hook bypass capabilities to existing code;
      • WebServer
        • civeweb
          • Embedded C/C++ web server
      • Other
      • Windows
      • Virtual calls
    • C#
      • 101
        • A tour of the C# language - docs.ms
          • C# (pronounced "See Sharp") is a modern, object-oriented, and type-safe programming language. C# has its roots in the C family of languages and will be immediately familiar to C, C++, Java, and JavaScript programmers. This tour provides an overview of the major components of the language in C# 8 and earlier.
      • Learning
      • Reflection
      • Scripting/ClearScript
      • Internals
      • Managed vs Unmanaged code
        • What is "managed code"? - docs.ms
          • When working with .NET Framework, you will often encounter the term "managed code". This document will explain what this term means and additional information around it.
      • Papers
        • Reflection’s Hidden Power: “Modifying Programs at Run-Time”
          • This paper will demonstrate using Reflection to take control over a DotNet (.Net)compiled code. The focus of this paper will be on how to use Reflection to navigate and gainaccess to values and functionality that would normally be off limits. This paper will be gearedfor any DotNet programmer (focus will be in C#). No special knowledge of Reflection isnecessary. The basic concept of Reflection and DotNet will be given, along with some lighttraining on using reflection. This paper is written for the DotNet v2.0 and v3.5 versions ofDotNet. Examples will be given on attacks, like forcing a program to change values and executefunctionality
        • ASM in .NET: The old is new again - Jon McCoy(2015)
          • This paper will cover running raw Machine Code(ASM) from within .NET. As we all know .NET runson IL(Intermediate Language) also known as “Managed byte code”. A program can declare an unsafesection of code and drop out from the managed area to run something like unmanaged C++ or the like.This paper will show how to run raw/unmanaged ASM in a normal safe C# application.
      • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
      • Talks/Presentations/Videos
        • Quick Retooling in .Net for Red Teams - Dimitry Snezhkov(CircleCityCon2018
          • Quick Retooling in .Net for Red Teams PowerShell gave us a super-highway of convenient building blocks for offensive toolkits and operational automation. However, use of standalone .Net implants may be a desirable option in cases where PowerShell is heavily inspected and logged. While there are great toolkits to invoke unmanaged PowerShell or directly interface with .Net CLR - they are also statically compiled, and therefore easier identified by the defense. Red Teams are faced with specific challenges when they need to retool quickly in the field with .Net payloads. Can .Net toolkits accomplish their goals while maintaining flexibility, quick in-field retooling and operational security in the face of current detection mechanisms? We think so. This talk walks through some of the options present to the operators for .Net code compilation and presents ideas for extensibility of .Net tools at runtime, with the help of Dynamic Language Runtime (DLR). We will dive deeper into operational security lessons learned from dynamic code compilation. We will attempt to move beyond static nature of .Net assemblies into reflective DLR, achieving on-the-fly access to native Windows API. We will also discuss some methods of hiding sensitive aspects of execution in managed code memory. We will also touch on ways to help Defense fingerprint the attacks involving dynamic compilation of .Net assemblies, use of DLR and building blocks of offensive tooling involved in the process. A concept tool built on these ideas will be presented and released. It will be used as basis for our discussion.
        • Building an Empire with (Iron)Python - Jim Shaver(Derbycon2018)
          • This talk discusses porting Python payloads to Windows using a little known, former Microsoft project. It explores offensive uses of .Net and how to reduce attack surface on .Net payloads.
        • Staying # and Bringing Covert Injection Tradecraft to .NET - Ruben Boonen, The Wover(2020)
        • .NET Core for Malware – Ryan Cobb (SO-CON 2020)
          • .NET Core is the future of .NET. The Windows-only .NET Framework is on it's way out, and the cross-platform .NET Core is Microsoft's new flagship framework for building software. As red teamers, it's time to go back to the well of .NET as a host for implants and post-exploitation. In this talk, we will analyze the opportunities presented by the new .NET Core platform and practical examples to take advantage of them.
        • Modern Red Team Weaponization - Mike Felch(WWHF Deadwood 2020)
          • In an effort to seamlessly equip operators and reduce leaving breadcrumbs, this presentation will walk through methods for modern red team weaponization of offsec tooling. First we will step through the build process which will include automated builds, continuous integration/deployment, and C2 framework integration. Next, we will step through OPSEC considerations for payloads and tooling in an effort to reduce the breadcrumbs being left behind from assemblies. Finally, we will take a look at payload tradecraft for calling managed code (C# tooling) from unmanaged C++ (stub/launchers), low-level syscalls using C#, and code execution leveraging the Windows kernel.
        • Getting Started in Covert .NET Tradecraft for Post-Exploitation – Kyle Avery(2021)
          • This Black Hills Information Security (BHIS) webcast will cover OPSEC safe fork-n-run execution with Cobalt Strike, .NET log sources available to network defenders and security vendors, and obfuscation of public C# tools to evade EDR products consistently. If you're curious why penetration testers, red teamers, and even real threat actors prefer C# over PowerShell for post-exploitation, come find out how you can more effectively use these tools in secure environments.
        • WWHF (Virtual): DOT NET Advanced Malware Development - Joff Thyer(2020)
          • This talk will walk through how a penetration tester can use the C# language to develop a DOT NET assembly (DLL) designed to deliver shellcode into memory on a Windows system. The talk will cover aspects of the necessary API calls into kernel32.dll, and describe how to build an MSBUILD XML file in order to evade whitelisting solutions. Attendees of the talk should preferably have some familiarity with the C# programming language. Techniques mentioned will include shellcode residing in the same thread, versus injecting into a remote process.
      • Examples/Samples
        • Writing custom backdoor payloads using C# - Mauricio Velazco, Olindo Verrillo(Defcon27)
        • Vayne-RaT
          • An Advanced C# .NET Rat, It’s Stable and Contains Many Features.
        • CIMplant
          • C# port of WMImplant which uses either CIM or WMI to query remote systems. It can use provided credentials or the current user's session.
        • MonkeyWorks
          • A C# library to facilitate the development of offensive tools against Windows systems.
        • QuasarRAT
          • Quasar is a fast and light-weight remote administration tool coded in C#. Providing high stability and an easy-to-use user interface, Quasar is the perfect remote administration solution for you.
        • RedPeanut
          • RedPeanut is a small RAT developed in .Net Core 2 and its agent in .Net 3.5 / 4.0.
      • General
        • SharpSploit
          • SharpSploit is a .NET post-exploitation library written in C# that aims to highlight the attack surface of .NET and make the use of offensive .NET easier for red teamers.
        • SharpUtils
        • GhostPack
        • Sharp-Suite
          • FuzzySecurity: 'My musings with C#'
        • OffensiveCSharp-matterpreter
          • This is a collection of C# tooling and POCs I've created for use on operations. Each project is designed to use no external libraries. Open each project's .SLN in Visual Studio and compile as "Release".
        • bytecode-api
          • C# library with common classes, extensions and additional features in addition to the .NET Framework. BytecodeApi implements lots of extensions and classes for general purpose use. In addition, specific classes implement more complex logic for both general app development as well as for WPF apps. Especially, boilerplate code that is known to be part of any Core DLL in a C# project is likely to be already here. In fact, I use this library in many of my own projects. For this reason, each class and method has been reviewed numerous times. BytecodeApi is highly consistent, particularly in terms of structure, naming conventions, patterns, etc. The entire code style resembles the patterns used in the .NET Framework itself. You will find it intuitive to understand.
        • OutlookToolbox
          • OutlookToolbox is a C# DLL that uses COM to do stuff with Outlook. Also included is a Cobalt Strike aggressor script that uses Outlooktoolbox.dll to give it a graphical and control interface.
          • Blogpost
        • OffensiveDLR
          • Toolbox containing research notes & PoC code for weaponizing .NET's DLR
        • RedTeamCSharpScripts - Mr-Un1k0d3r
        • CSharpScripts - Arno0x
        • StandIn
          • "StandIn is a small .NET35/45 AD post-exploitation toolkit"
      • AD
        • SharpSystemTriggers
          • Collection of remote authentication triggers coded in C# using MIDL compiler for avoiding 3rd party dependencies.
      • Assembly Merge
        • Merging C# Assemblies using dnMerge - ethicalchaos.dev(2021)
        • dnMerge
          • dnMerge is an MSBuild plugin that will merge multiple .NET reference assemblies into a single .NET executable or DLL. dnMerge can be included within your .NET project using the NuGet package available from the central repo. Merged assembiles are compressed with 7-Zip's LZMA SDK which has the added benefit of smaller executables in comparison with other .NET assembly mergers. No additional .NET references are including during merging, making dnMerge suitable for cross-compiling on Linux without pulling in .NET Core assembly references into the final merged assembly.
      • Backdooring Binaries
      • Browsers
        • Canary
          • Canary is a small DIY extension to SharpChrome. It lets you pull browser history for Chrome or the new Chromium Edge. Results are orderd by visit_count and you can pull all data or use the "-l" flag to pull only the last X days. Most of the boilerplate is ripped out of SharpChrome and can be added there easily if someone wants to make a PR for that.
        • SharpWeb
          • SharpWeb is a .NET 2.0 CLR compliant project that can retrieve saved logins from Google Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge. In the future, this project will be expanded upon to retrieve Cookies and History items from these browsers.
      • Collection
      • COM
        • COM Interop
          • This project is an example on how to manually consume a COM server from C# or a C# server from COM client. It also contains projects for less common scenarios involving .NET and COM.
      • Credentials
        • SharpHandler
          • This project reuses open handles to lsass to parse or minidump lsass, therefore you don't need to use your own lsass handle to interact with it.
        • SharpLoginPrompt
          • This Program creates a login prompt to gather username and password of the current user. This project allows red team to phish username and password of the current user without touching lsass and having adminitrator credentials on the system.
        • ICU
          • Cred Prompt Phishing
        • CloneVault
          • CloneVault allows a red team operator to export and import entries including attributes from Windows Credential Manager. This allows for more complex stored credentials to be exfiltrated and used on an operator system. It is aimed at making it possible to port credentials that store credential material in binary blobs or those applications that store data in custom attributes. There are many use cases, please see our demonstration of cloning access to Microsoft OneDrive on the MDSec Blog
        • SharpRelay
        • Clipboard
          • SharpClipboard
          • SharpClipHistory
            • SharpClipHistory is a .NET application written in C# that can be used to read the contents of a user's clipboard history in Windows 10 starting from the 1809 Build.
        • DPAPI
        • Hooking
          • SharpHook
            • SharpHook is inspired by the SharpRDPThief project, It uses various API hooks in order to give us the desired credentials. In the background it uses the EasyHook project, Once the desired process is up and running SharpHook will automatically inject its dependencies into the target process and then, It will send us the credentials through EasyHook's IPC server.
        • Password Spraying
          • SharpSMBSpray
            • Spray a hash via smb to check for local administrator access
        • Process Memory * Writing Minidumps in C# - docs.ms * Dumping Process Memory with Custom C# Code - 3xplo1tcod3r * SharpDump * SharpDump is a C# port of PowerSploit's Out-Minidump.ps1 functionality. * ATPMiniDump * Dumping LSASS memory with MiniDumpWriteDump on PssCaptureSnapShot to evade WinDefender ATP credential-theft. * Blogpost * SafetyKatz * SafetyKatz is a combination of slightly modified version of @gentilkiwi's Mimikatz project and @subtee's .NET PE Loader. * KittyLitter * This project was made for an upcoming event. It is comprised of two components, KittyLitter.exe and KittyScooper.exe. This will bind across TCP, SMB, and MailSlot channels to communicate credential material to lowest privilege attackers.
          • RDP
            • RemoteViewing
              • RemoteViewing, is quick POC to demo RDP credential theft through API hooking using EasyHook for .Net payloads combined with Costura to pack resources into a single module.
      • D/Invoke
      • Discovery (Local)
        • SharpDirLister
          • A .NET 4.0 application that uses an optimized file search algorithm that will output a full directory / file listing of a drive in a matter of seconds and at the end it will compress it to a .gz
        • SharpProcEnum
          • .NET tool for enumeration processes and dumping memory.
        • SharpSearch
          • Search files for extensions as well as text within.
        • EventLog Searcher - benpturner(2021)
        • GetNetworkInterfaces
          • "GetNetworkInterfaces is a small .Net45 utility to pull local network adapter information. It mostly has feature parity with "ipconfig /all" and can be useful for some fast enumeration."
        • SharpMapModules
          • C# modules made for easy recon with SharpMapExec execute assembly function
        • SharpEDRChecker
          • Checks running processes, process metadata, Dlls loaded into your current process and the each DLLs metadata, common install directories, installed services and each service binaries metadata, installed drivers and each drivers metadata, all for the presence of known defensive products such as AV's, EDR's and logging tools.
      • Discovery (Network)
        • SharpStrike
          • SharpStrike is a post-exploitation tool written in C# that uses either CIM or WMI to query remote systems. It can use provided credentials or the current user's session.
        • SharpShares
          • The goal of SharpShares is to be able to parse different input types and run across a network(s) to find SMB services, authenticate, and pull the ACLs for each share.
      • DLLs
      • Embedding
        • Resource-Reflector
          • A .NET application written in C# for viewing and extracting assembly resources.
      • Evasion
      • Execution
      • Exfiltration
        • SharpExfiltrate
          • SharpExfiltrate is a tiny but modular C# framework to exfiltrate loot over secure and trusted channels. It supports both single-files and full-directory paths (recursively), file extension filtering, and file size filtering. Exfiltrated data will be compressed and encrypted before being uploaded. While exfiltrating a large amount of data will require the output stream to be cached on disk, smaller exfiltration operations can be done all in memory with the "memoryonly" option.
        • SharpBox
      • Firewall
        • FireEater
          • FireEater allows a user to interact with the Windows firewall through .NET APIs. Requires Admin privs.
        • WindowsFirewallHelper
          • A class library to manage the Windows Firewall as well as adding your program to the Windows Firewall Exception list.
        • sharpbysentinel
      • Hooking
        • SharpUnhooker
          • C# Based Universal API Unhooker - Automatically Unhook API Hives (ntdll.dll, kernel32.dll, advapi32.dll, and kernelbase.dll). SharpUnhooker helps you to evades user-land monitoring done by AVs and/or EDRs by cleansing/refreshing API DLLs that loaded on the process (Offensive Side) or remove API hooks from user-land rootkit (Defensive Side). There is 3 technique of user-land API hooking that i know, Inline/hot-patch hooking, IAT hooking, and EAT hooking. For now, SharpUnhooker only unhooks inline/hot-patch hooks and EAT hooks.
        • AtomicBird
          • "AtmoicBird, is a crude POC to demo the use of EasyHook in .Net payloads combined with Costura to pack resources into a single module. AtomicBird has two functions, (1) Hook MessageBoxA => print to console / modify parameters => unhook and (2) Hook NtQuerySystemInformation->SystemProcessInformation, search the linked list of SYSTEM_PROCESS_INFORMATION Structs to find powershell processes and unlink them. The second function requires that you inject the .Net PE into a process that uses NtQuerySystemInformation (Process Explorer was used for testing), you can do that with execute-assembly or with donut by generating shellcode. AtmoicBird was only tested on x64 Win10."
        • Dendrobate
          • Managed code hooking template.
        • MinHook.NET
          • MinHook.NET is a pure managed C# port of the brilliant MinHook library by Tsuda Kageyu (https://github.com/TsudaKageyu/minhook). The library has the capability of inline hooking native API calls, utilising .NET delegates for both the detoured and original function that is commonly called with the detour.
      • Injection
        • MappingInjection_CSharp
        • DesertNut
          • DesertNut is a proof-of-concept for code injection using subclassed window callbacks (more commonly known as PROPagate).
        • WindfarmDynamite
          • WindfarmDynamite is a proof-of-concept for code injection using the Windows Notification Facility (WNF).
        • UrbanBishop
          • This POC creates a local RW section in UrbanBishop and then maps that section as RX into a remote process. Once the shared section has been established the shellcode is written to the local section which then automatically propagates to the remote process. For execution UrbanBishop creates a remote suspended thread (start address is set to ntdll!RtlExitUserThread) and queues and APC on that thread, once resumed with NtAlertResumeThread the shellcode executes and the thread exits gracefully on completion.
      • Language Embeds
        • Tools
          • Zolom
            • C# Executable with embedded Python that can be used reflectively to run python code on systems without Python installed
      • Loaders/Stage0_or_1
        • Welcome to the From zero to hero: creating a reflective loader in C# workshop! - Jean Maes(2021)
        • Sharperner
          • "Sharperner is a tool written in CSharp that generate .NET dropper with AES and XOR obfuscated shellcode."
        • SharpTransactedLoad
          • Load .net assemblies from memory while having them appear to be loaded from an on-disk location. Bypasses AMSI and expands the number of methods available for use in loading arbitrary assemblies while still avoiding dropping files to disk - some of which provide additional functionality over the traditional Assembly.Load call. Currently built for .net 4.5, but should be compatible with other versions.
        • HellgateLoader_CSharp
          • Load shelcode via HELLGATE, rewrite hellgate for learning purpose.
        • DarkMelkor
          • Modified Version of Melkor @FuzzySecurity capable of creating disposable AppDomains in injected processes.
        • ThirdEye
          • Weaponizing CLRvoyance for Post-Ex .NET Execution
        • DLLFromMemory.Net
          • C# library to load a native DLL from memory without the need to allow unsafe code
        • dnLauncher
          • "Automatically select .NET Framework to load .NET programs + dynamic instrumentation to hijack the compileMethod of the JIT engine to intercept MSIL codes" - autotranslated
        • Mimikore
          • .NET 5 Single file Application . Mimikatz or any Base64 PE Loader.
        • RunPE
          • C# Reflective loader for unmanaged binaries.
        • MemoryLoader
          • A .NET binary loader that bypasses AMSI checks. It will patch AMSI, download a remote binary, and execute it in memory without the binary ever hitting disk.
        • DiscerningFinch
          • "DiscerningFinch is ... discerning! FinchGen lets you create an encrypted templated which you can copy/paste into DiscerningFinch. At runtime DiscerningFinch collects an array of OS specific string constants and then attempts to use those to brute-force decrypt the inner binary. If it succeeds it loads the inner binary into memory passing along any command line arguments that may exists. If it fails, it prints out a .NET-looking error message as feedback."
        • OffensivePipeline
        • SharpCradle
          • SharpCradle is a tool designed to help penetration testers or red teams download and execute .NET binaries into memory.
        • RunShellcode
          • Simple GUI program when you just want to run some shellcode.
        • CreateThread Example
          • C# code to use CreateThread to run position independent code in the running process. This code is provided AS IS, and will not be supported.
        • CSharp SetThreadContext
          • C# Shellcode Runner to execute shellcode via CreateRemoteThread and SetThreadContext to evade Get-InjectedThread
        • EAPrimer
          • EAPrimer can be used to load .Net assemblies from a filepath or URL. On startup, it will attempt to perform in-memory patching of AMSI to bypass detection. By default, output is written to the console, however, this can be directed to a file or even sent via HTTP POST request to a remote server.
      • Managed in UnManaged Code
        • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
        • Tools
          • CLRvoyance
            • CLRvoyance is a shellcode kit that supports bootstrapping managed assemblies into unmanaged (or managed) processes. It provides three different implementations of position independent shellcode for CLR hosting, as well as a generator script for quickly embedding a managed assembly in position independent shellcode.
          • Nautilus Project
            • A collection of weird ways to execute unmanaged code in .NET
          • HostingCLR
            • Executing a .NET Assembly from C++ in Memory (CLR Hosting)
      • Unmanaged in Managed
      • Network
      • Obfuscation
      • Packers
        • DotNetCompressor
          • Compresses .NET executables and merges dlls into a standalone, smaller executable.
      • Payload Sample
      • Tools/PoCs
        • clr-meterpreter
          • The full story of the CLR implementation of Meterpreter
        • DcRat
          • DcRat is a simple remote tool written in C#
      • Persistence
        • SharPersist
        • SharPersist: Windows Persistence Toolkit in C# - Brett Hawkins(Derbycon2019
          • PowerShell has been used by the offensive community for several years now. However, recent advances in the defensive security industry are causing offensive toolkits to migrate from PowerShell to reflective C# to evade modern security products. Some of these advancements include Script Block Logging, Antimalware Scripting Interface (AMSI) and the development of signatures for malicious PowerShell activity by third-party security vendors. Several public C# toolkits such as Seatbelt, SharpUp and SharpView have been released to assist with tasks in various phases of the attack lifecycle. One phase of the attack lifecycle that has been missing a C# toolkit is persistence. This talk will be on the public release of a Windows persistence toolkit written in C# called SharPersist.
        • SharpStay
          • .NET project for installing Persistence
        • SharpHide
          • Technique Whitepaper
          • Just a nice persistence trick to confuse DFIR investigation. Uses NtSetValueKey native API to create a hidden (null terminated) registry key. This works by adding a null byte in front of the UNICODE_STRING key valuename.
        • Reg_Built
        • C# Userland Registry RunKey persistence
      • Polymorphism
      • Privilege Escalation
        • SharpUp
          • SharpUp is a C# port of various PowerUp functionality. Currently, only the most common checks have been ported; no weaponization functions have yet been implemented.
        • Watson
          • Enumerate missing KBs and suggest exploits for useful Privilege Escalation vulnerabilities
        • Net-GPPPassword
          • .NET/C# implementation of Get-GPPPassword. Retrieves the plaintext password and other information for accounts pushed through Group Policy Preferences.
      • Processes
      • Process Injection/Shellcode Execution
        • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
        • Tools
          • Donut
            • Generates x86, x64, or AMD64+x86 position-independent shellcode that loads .NET Assemblies, PE files, and other Windows payloads from memory and runs them with parameters
          • donutCS
            • .NET Core version of donut shellcode generator.
          • C# Memory Injection Examples
            • A set of scripts that demonstrate how to perform memory injection.
          • Execute assembly via Meterpreter session
            • Custom Metasploit post module to executing a .NET Assembly from Meterpreter session
          • TikiTorch
          • Managed Injector
            • This project implements a .NET Assembly injection library (it is inspired by the snoopwpf project). The remote process can be a managed or unmanaged one.
          • MemorySharp
            • MemorySharp is a C# based memory editing library targeting Windows applications, offering various functions to extract and inject data and codes into remote processes to allow interoperability.
          • ManagedInjection
            • A proof of concept for dynamically loading .net assemblies at runtime with only a minimal convention pre-knowledge
          • SharpNeedle
            • A project for properly injecting C# dlls into other processes.
          • ManagedInjection
            • A proof of concept for injecting a pre-compiled .net assembly in memory at runtime with zero pre-knowledge of its assembly namespace or type. All that is necessary is a convention for the initial method name which will be instantiated, or just have the assembly initialize via its Constructor for a true "zero knowledge" scenario.
          • Remote AppDomainManager Injection - byt3bl33d3r
          • DotNetDebug
          • DNCI - Dot Net Code Injector
            • DNCI allows the injection of .Net code (.exe or .dll) remotely in unmanaged processes in windows.
          • UrbanBishopLocal
            • A port of FuzzySecurity's UrbanBishop project for inline shellcode execution
          • ProcessInjection
            • The program is designed to perform process injection. Currently the tool supports 4 process injection techniques.
      • PS in C#
        • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
        • Tools
          • NoPowerShell
            • NoPowerShell is a tool implemented in C# which supports executing PowerShell-like commands while remaining invisible to any PowerShell logging mechanisms. This .NET Framework 2 compatible binary can be loaded in Cobalt Strike to execute commands in-memory. No System.Management.Automation.dll is used; only native .NET libraries. An alternative usecase for NoPowerShell is to launch it as a DLL via rundll32.exe: rundll32 NoPowerShell.dll,main.
          • p0wnedShell
            • PowerShell Runspace Post Exploitation Toolkit
          • p0wnedLoader
          • Smallp0wnedShell
            • Small modification version of PowerShell Runspace Post Exploitation Toolkit (p0wnedShell)
          • CScriptShell
          • Stracciatella
            • OpSec-safe Powershell runspace from within C# (aka SharpPick) with AMSI, CLM and Script Block Logging disabled at startup
          • SpaceRunner
            • This tool enables the compilation of a C# program that will execute arbitrary PowerShell code, without launching PowerShell processes through the use of runspace.
      • Recon (Host)
        • SeatBelt
          • Seatbelt is a C# project that performs a number of security oriented host-survey "safety checks" relevant from both offensive and defensive security perspectives.
      • Recon (Network)
        • SharpShares
          • Multithreaded C# .NET Assembly to enumerate accessible network shares in a domain
        • Scout
          • Scout is a .NET assembly used to perform recon on hosts during a pentest. Specifically, this was created as a way to check a host before laterally moving to it.
      • Reflection
      • Registry (Windows)
        • RegistryStrikesBack
          • RegistryStrikesBack allows a red team operator to export valid .reg files for portions of the Windows Registry via a .NET assembly that should run as a standard user.
        • Registry
          • Full featured, offline Registry parser in C#.
      • Resource Embedding
      • Scheduled Tasks
      • Symbolic Links
        • SharpLink
          • Create file system symbolic links from low privileged user accounts within PowerShell
      • Serialization
        • Gadget2Jscript
          • GadgetToJScript - RastaMouse(2020)
          • GadgetToJScript - 3gstudent
          • GadgetToJScript
            • A tool for generating .NET serialized gadgets that can trigger .NET assembly load/execution when deserialized using BinaryFormatter from JS/VBS based scripts. The gadget being used triggers a call to Assembly.Load when deserialized via jscript/vbscript, this means it can be used in the same way to trigger in-memory load of your own shellcode loader at runtime. Lastly, the tool was created mainly for automating WSH scripts weaponization for RT engagements (LT, Persistence, Initial Compromise), the shellcode loader which was used for PoC is removed and replaced by an example assembly implemented in the "TestAssemblyLoader.cs" class for PoC purpose.
          • GadgetToJScript, Covenant, Donut - 3xpl01tc0d3r
        • Tools
      • Syscalls
      • User Simulation
        • Sim
          • Sim is a C# application that ingests an XML file and performs tasks based on the provided XML. It is meant to resemble user actions on a system. The goal of this is to help facilitate training and education by providing a more realistic environment to practice.
      • Web Server
        • SharpWebServer
          • A Red Team oriented simple HTTP & WebDAV server written in C# with functionality to capture Net-NTLM hashes. To be used for serving payloads on compromised machines for lateral movement purposes.
      • Windows Services
      • WinAPI Access
    • Haskell
    • Janet
      • Janet
        • Janet is a functional and imperative programming language and bytecode interpreter. It is a lisp-like language, but lists are replaced by other data structures (arrays, tables (hash table), struct (immutable hash table), tuples). The language also supports bridging to native code written in C, meta-programming with macros, and bytecode assembly.
    • Java
      • Java RATS: Not even your Macs are safe - Anthony Kasza(Derbycon2016)
        • Java's 'write once, run anywhere' features make it a popular cross-platform vector for attackers of all skill levels. This talk will perform a deep examination of historic and trending Java malware families, their capabilities and indicators, and will reveal uncommon analysis techniques to immediately help you with investigations.
    • .NET
      • 101
        • A tour of the C# language - docs.ms
          • C# (pronounced "See Sharp") is a modern, object-oriented, and type-safe programming language. C# has its roots in the C family of languages and will be immediately familiar to C, C++, Java, and JavaScript programmers. This tour provides an overview of the major components of the language in C# 8 and earlier.
        • Inside a C# program - docs.ms
          • The section discusses the general structure of a C# program, and includes the standard "Hello, World!" example.
        • AppDomain Class - docs.ms
          • Represents an application domain, which is an isolated environment where applications execute. This class cannot be inherited.
        • Assemblies in .NET - docs.ms
          • Assemblies form the fundamental units of deployment, version control, reuse, activation scoping, and security permissions for .NET-based applications. An assembly is a collection of types and resources that are built to work together and form a logical unit of functionality. Assemblies take the form of executable (.exe) or dynamic link library (.dll) files, and are the building blocks of .NET applications. They provide the common language runtime with the information it needs to be aware of type implementations.
        • An Introduction to Writing .NET Executables for Pentesters - PEEW.PW
      • Non-101
      • Bring-Your-Own-Compiler/Compiler Stacking
        • Red Team Level over 9000! Fusing the powah of .NET with a scripting language of your choosing: introducing BYOI (Bring Your own Interpreter) payloads. - Marcello Salvati(Derbycon2019)
          • With all of the defenses Microsoft has implemented in the PowerShell run-time over the past few years Red Teamers & APT groups have started too shy away from using PowerShell based payloads/delivery mechanisms and migrate over to C#. However, C# is a compiled language, operationally this has a few major downsides: we can?t be as ?flexible? as we could be with scripting languages, setting up a proper development environment has overhead, things need to be compiled etc... in this talk, I will be covering my approach to solving these operational problems by using some of the (possibly?) lesser known features of the .NET framework and introducing BYOI (Bring Your Own Interpreter) payloads which allow you to embed a scripting language of your choosing into any .NET language!
        • Zolom
          • C# Executable with embedded Python that can be used reflectively to run python code on systems without Python installed
        • Inception-Framework
          • Inception provides In-memory compilation and reflective loading of C# apps for AV evasion. Payloads are AES encrypted before transmission and are decrypted in memory. The payload server ensures that payloads can only be fetched a pre-determined number of times. Once decrypted, Roslyn is used to build the C# payload in memory, which is then executed using reflection.
      • Crypter/Obfuscation
        • NET-Obfuscate
          • Obfuscate ECMA CIL (.NET IL) assemblies to evade Windows Defender AMSI.
      • Injection/Shellcode/In-Memory
      • Networking
      • PE32
        • Conari
          • Conari engine represents powerful platform for work with unmanaged memory, pe-modules, related PInvoke features, and more for: Libraries, Executable Modules, enjoying of the unmanaged native C/C++ in .NET world, and other raw binary data. Even accessing to complex types like structures without their declaration at all.
        • LuNari
          • LuNari is Lua for .NET on Conari engine
        • .NET DllExport
          • .NET DllExport with .NET Core support (aka 3F/DllExport)
      • Publishing
      • Examples/Samples
        • AsyncRAT-VB.NET
          • Remote Administration Tool For Windows VB.NET
        • OffensiveDLR
          • Toolbox containing research notes & PoC code for weaponizing .NET's DLR
      • WebServer
      • Other
        • Unstoppable Service
          • A pattern for a self-installing Windows service in C# with the unstoppable attributes in C#.
      • Talks/Presentations/Videos
        • .NET Malware Threats: Internals And Reversing - Alexandre Borges(Defcon27)
          • .NET malware is well-known by security analysts, but even existing many tools such as dnSpy,.NET Reflector, de4dot and so on to make the analysis easier, most professionals have used them as a black box tool, without concerning to .NET internals, structures, MSIL coding and details. In critical cases, it is necessary have enough knowledge about internal mechanisms and to debug these .NET threats using WinDbg. Unfortunately, .NET malware samples have become very challenger because it is so complicated to deobfuscated associated resources, as unpacking and dumping them from memory. Furthermore, most GUI debugging tools does an inside view of mechanisms such as CRL Loader, Managed Heap, Synchronization issues and Garbage Collection. In the other side, .NET malware threats are incredibly interesting when analyzed from the MSIL instruction code, which allows to see code injections using .MSIL and attempts to compromise .NET Runtime keep being a real concern. The purpose of this presentation is to help professionals to understand .NET malware threats and techniques by explaining concepts about .NET internals, mechanisms and few reversing techniques.
    • PowerShell
      • Invoke-BSOD
        • A PowerShell script to induce a Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) without admin privileges. Also enumerates Windows crash dump settings. This is a standalone script, it does not depend on any other files.
      • PowerDropper
        • App that generates PowerShell dropper scripts for .NET executables
      • PowerStager
        • This script creates an executable stager that downloads a selected powershell payload, loads it into memory and executes it using obfuscated EC methods. The script will also encrypt the stager for dynamic signatures and some additional obfuscation. This enables the actual payload to be executed indirectly without the victim downloading it, only by executing the stager. The attacker can then for example implement evasion techniques on the web server, hosting the payload, instead of in the stager itself.
    • Python
      • Binaries
        • LIEF
          • LIEF - Library to Instrument Executable Formats. The purpose of this project is to provide a cross platform library which can parse, modify and abstract ELF, PE and MachO formats.
      • Crypter/Obfuscator
      • Embedding into Other Langs
      • GUI
        • Gooey
          • Turn (almost) any Python 2 or 3 Console Program into a GUI application with one line
      • Injection/Shellcode
      • Networking
      • PE32
      • Publishing
      • WebServer
      • Other
      • Examples
        • Ares
          • Ares is a Python Remote Access Tool.
        • Pupy
          • Pupy is an opensource, cross-platform (Windows, Linux, OSX, Android) remote administration and post-exploitation tool mainly written in python
        • covertutils - A framework for Backdoor development!
          • This Python package is used to create Agent/Handler backdoors, like metasploit's meterpreter, empire's empire agent, cobalt strike's beacon and so on... It automatically handles all communication channel options, like encryption, chunking, steganography, sessions, etc. With a recent package addition (httpimport), staging from pure Python2/3 is finally possible! With all those set with a few lines of code, a programmer can spend time creating the actual payloads, persistense mechanisms, shellcodes and generally more creative stuff!! The security programmers can stop re-inventing the wheel by implementing encryption mechanisms both Agent-side and Handler-side to spend their time developing more versatile Agents, and generally feature-rich shells!
        • RedSails
          • Python based post-exploitation project aimed at bypassing host based security monitoring and logging. DerbyCon 2017 Talk
        • stupid_malware
          • Python malware for pentesters that bypasses most antivirus (signature and heuristics) and IPS using sheer stupidity
        • Stitch
          • This is a cross platform python framework which allows you to build custom payloads for Windows, Mac OSX and Linux as well. You are able to select whether the payload binds to a specific IP and port, listens for a connection on a port, option to send an email of system info when the system boots, and option to start keylogger on boot. Payloads created can only run on the OS that they were created on.
        • WEASEL
          • WEASEL is a small in-memory implant using Python 3 with no dependencies. The beacon client sends a small amount of identifying information about its host to a DNS zone you control. WEASEL server can task clients to execute pre-baked or arbitrary commands. WEASEL is a stage 1 payload, meant to be difficult to detect and useful for regaining access when your noisy full-featured stages are caught.
    • Rust
      • Tradecraft
      • Crypter/Obfuscator
      • Injection/Shellcode
        • asm - The Rust RFC Book
          • "This RFC specifies a new syntax for inline assembly which is suitable for eventual stabilization."
      • Networking
      • PE32
        • goblin
          • An impish, cross-platform binary parsing crate, written in Rust
      • Publishing
      • WebServer
      • Other
      • Examples
      • macOS Specific
        • core-foundation-rs
          • Rust bindings to Core Foundation and other low level libraries on Mac OS X and iOS
      • Windows-Specific
        • Rust for Windows - Kenny Kerr(2021)
        • Rust for Windows
          • The windows crate lets you call any Windows API past, present, and future using code generated on the fly directly from the metadata describing the API and right into your Rust package where you can call them as if they were just another Rust module.
        • tinywin
          • A very small but functional Win32 apps in Rust using no_std
  • Linux Specific
  • macOS Specific
  • Windows Specific
    • Obfuscation/ors
      • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
      • Talks/Presentations/Videos
        • Evading Detection: A Beginner's Guide to Obfuscation
          • "This is a hands-on class to learn the methodology behind malware delivery and avoiding detection. This workshop explores the inner workings of Microsoft's Antimalware Scan Interface (AMSI), Windows Defender, and Event Tracing for Windows (ETW). We will learn how to employ obfuscated malware using Visual Basic (VB), PowerShell, and C# to avoid Microsoft's defenses. Students will learn to build AMSI bypass techniques, obfuscate payloads from dynamic and static signature detection methods, and learn about alternative network evasion methods."
      • Tools

Simulation Tools

  • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
  • Talks/Presentations/Videos
    • Quantify Your Hunt: Not Your Parents’ Red Team - Devon Kerr, Roberto Rodriguez(2018)
      • The security marketplace is saturated with product claims of detection coverage that have been almost impossible to evaluate, all while intrusions continue to make headlines. To help organizations better understand the detection provided by a commercial or open-source technology platform, a framework is necessary to measure depth and breadth of coverage. This presentation builds on the MITRE ATT&CK framework by explaining how to measure the coverage and quality of ATT&CK, while demonstrating open-source Red Team tools and automation that generate artifacts of post-exploitation.
    • Automated Adversary Emulation - David Hunt(BSidesCharm2019)
      • CALDERA is an open-source application designed to automate adversary emulation. With CALDERA, blue teams can create adversary profiles based on ATT&CK, unleashing them on their networks to test their vulnerability to specific techniques. Learn how to use and configure CALDERA to run a variety of tests, ranging from small scoped and heavily scripted, to AI-driven fully automated operations.
  • Adversary Simulation Tools
    • Self-Contained
      • Caldera
        • CALDERA is an automated adversary emulation system that performs post-compromise adversarial behavior within enterprise networks. It generates plans during operation using a planning system and a pre-configured adversary model based on the Adversarial Tactics, Techniques & Common Knowledge (ATT&CK™) project. These features allow CALDERA to dynamically operate over a set of systems using variable behavior, which better represents how human adversaries perform operations than systems that follow prescribed sequences of actions.
      • DumpsterFire
        • Slides
        • The DumpsterFire Toolset is a modular, menu-driven, cross-platform tool for building repeatable, time-delayed, distributed security events. Easily create custom event chains for Blue Team drills and sensor / alert mapping. Red Teams can create decoy incidents, distractions, and lures to support and scale their operations. Turn paper tabletop exercises into controlled "live fire" range events. Build event sequences ("narratives") to simulate realistic scenarios and generate corresponding network and filesystem artifacts.
      • Metta
        • An information security preparedness tool to do adversarial simulation. This project uses Redis/Celery, python, and vagrant with virtualbox to do adversarial simulation. This allows you to test (mostly) your host based instrumentation but may also allow you to test any network based detection and controls depending on how you set up your vagrants. The project parses yaml files with actions and uses celery to queue these actions up and run them one at a time without interaction.
      • Invoke-Apex
        • Invoke-Apex is a PowerShell-based toolkit consisting of a collection of techniques and tradecraft for use in red team, post-exploitation, adversary simulation, or other offensive security tasks. It can also be useful in identifying lapses in "malicious" activity detection processes for defenders as well.
      • Red Team Automation (RTA)
        • RTA provides a framework of scripts designed to allow blue teams to test their detection capabilities against malicious tradecraft, modeled after MITRE ATT&CK. RTA is composed of python scripts that generate evidence of over 50 different ATT&CK tactics, as well as a compiled binary application that performs activities such as file timestopping, process injections, and beacon simulation as needed.
      • ezEmu
        • ezEmu enables users to test adversary behaviors via various execution techniques. Sort of like an "offensive framework for blue teamers", ezEmu does not have any networking/C2 capabilities and rather focuses on creating local test telemetry.
      • PurpleSharp
        • PurpleSharp is a C# adversary simulation tool that executes adversary techniques with the purpose of generating attack telemetry in monitored Windows environments. Detection engineering teams can leverage this telemetry to identify gaps in visibility as well as test the resilience, improve existing and build new detection analytics.
      • PurpleSpray
        • PurpleSpray is an adversary simulation tool that executes password spray behavior under different scenarios and conditions with the purpose of generating attack telemetry in properly monitored Windows enterprise environments. Blue teams can leverage PurpleSpray to identify gaps in visibility as well as test the resilience, improve existing and build new detection analytics for password spraying attacks.
      • Leonidas
        • This is the repository containing Leonidas, a framework for executing attacker actions in the cloud. It provides a YAML-based format for defining cloud attacker tactics, techniques and procedures (TTPs) and their associated detection properties.
    • Tooling Automation
      • AutoTTP
        • Automated Tactics Techniques & Procedures. Re-running complex sequences manually for regression tests, product evaluations, generate data for researchers & so on can be tedious. I toyed with the idea of making it easier to script Empire (or any frameworks/products/toolkits that provide APIs like Metasploit (RPC), Cobalt-Strike & so on) using IDE like Visual Studio Code (or equivalent). So I started to design AutoTTP. This is still very much work in progress. Test with Empire 2.2.
      • Purple Team ATT&CK Automation
        • Praetorian's public release of our Metasploit automation of MITRE ATT&CK™ TTPs

Tactics/Strategies/Methodologies

  • 101
  • Lessons Learned
    • Hillbilly Storytime - Pentest Fails - Adam Compton
      • Whether or not you are just starting in InfoSec, it is always important to remember that mistakes happen, even to the best and most seasoned of analysts. The key is to learn from your mistakes and keep going. So, if you have a few minutes and want to talk a load off for a bit, come and join in as a hillbilly spins a yarn about a group unfortunate pentesters and their misadventures. All stories and events are true (but the names have been be changed to prevent embarrassment).
    • The hidden horrors that 3 years of global red-teaming, Jos van der Peet
      • My last 3 years of global reteaming in small and large organisations has shown me that there still are a lot of misconceptions about security. We all know the ‘onion’ model for layered security. While useful for the ‘defence in depth’ principle, this talk will show that in reality, rather than an onion, security is more like a pyramid. The basis is the hardware people work on (laptops etc.) and the top your business applications. In between is everything else. Operating system, network components, proxies, shares, servers and their software stack. Like any hi-rise structure, the top cannot be secure if the base is not secure. Defence in depth matters, but it can be quite trivial for attackers to sidestep certain controls to get to the data they want. Just securing your ‘crown-jewels’ is insufficient. This talk will revolve around how we have defeated security controls on various levels, ranging from the systems your end-users work on, all the way through to 2FA and 4-eye principles on critical business assets. It will talk about common misconceptions which lull companies into a false sense of security, while making life far too easy for attackers. For example the fallacy of focussing security efforts only/mostly on ‘crown jewels’ and how misunderstanding of why certain controls are put in place jeopardize corporate and client data. The talk will be supported by real-life examples
    • Purple Team FAIL! - Jason Morrow - Derbycon2017
      • What went wrong with the introduction of a red team discipline into fortune 1 and how the teams came together to course correct. The result has been a successful purple team that has driven the security posture forward at the world's leading retailer. This will cover some basic do's and don'ts along with new rules of engagement when integrating blue and red.
    • A Year In The Red by Dominic Chell and Vincent Yiu - BSides Manchester2017
    • Tips, Tricks, and Cheats Gathered from Red vs. Blue Team-Based Training - Ed Skoudis, Joshua Wright
    • Liar, Liar: a first-timer "red-teaming" under unusual restrictions. - Mike Loss(Kawaiicon2019)
    • One Hundred Red Team Operations A Year - Ryan O'Horo
    • Adversarial Emulation - Bryson Bort(WWHF19)
    • Common Assessment Mistakes Pen Testers and Clients Should Avoid - Brent White, Tim Roberts
      • Penetration assessments can be a stressful time for those involved. It’s a moment where the network admins find out if the network they manage, or maybe even helped to build, holds up against simulated attacks. Or, it’s a moment as a pen tester where you can help the client and strengthen their security posture, or screw things up by making a mistake - potentially losing a client and giving your company a black eye. However, this shouldn’t be a stressful time. As a client, it is important to understand why the test is taking place and how this helps. As a pentester it is important that you know what you are doing, need to ask for and aren’t just going in blind or throwing the kitchen sink at the network. This talk is to highlight common issues that we’ve either encountered or have have been vented to about from both the penetration tester’s side of the assessment as well as the client’s side. We’d like to bring these issues to light to hopefully help ensure a more smooth assessment “experience” for all parties involved.
  • Tactics
    • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
    • Talks/Presentations/Videos
    • Slides
      • Stupid RedTeamer Tricks - Laurent Desaulniers
      • Game On! Using Red Team to Rapidly Evolve Your Defenses - Joff Thyer, Pete Petersen
        • This talk will be an enjoyable conversation with good beer, great bourbon, and terrific friends who are reliving the journey of infosec maturity from the perspective of both a penetration testing company and their client over a three year period. Details of various engagements will be discussed along with post-mortem analysis, lessons learned, as well as resulting mitigation tactics and defensive strategies. We will discuss the outcomes at each stage of rendered service and how both client and vendor adjusted their approach to re-engage again and again. The engagement culminates in Red Team exercises that clearly demonstrate the infosec evolution of the client. The talk will leave the defensive audience with a sense of hope, a list of achievable goals, and several tactics. The red team with get a glimpse into the maw of the blue future and the value of their tradecraft. Special brief guest appearances and commentary are expected from others in the community that assisted the client along the way as well.
      • Using blue team techniques in red team ops - Mark Bergman & Marc Smeets(BruCON 0x0A)
        • When performing multi-month, multi-C2teamserver and multi-scenario red team operations, you are working with an infrastructure that becomes very large quickly. This makes it harder to keep track of what is happening on it. Coupled with the ever-increasing maturity of blue teams, this makes it more likely the blue team is somewhere analysing parts of your infra and/or artefacts. In this presentation we’ll show you how you can use that to your advantage. We’ll present different ways to keep track of the blue team’s analyses and detections, and to dynamically adjust your infra to fool the blue team. We will first set the scene by explaining common and lesser known components of red teaming infrastructures, e.g. dynamic redirectors, domain fronting revisited, decoy websites, html-smuggling, etc. Secondly, we’ll show how to centralize all your infrastructure’s and ops’ information to an ELK stack, leaving it open for intelligent querying across the entire infrastructure and operation. This will also help with better feedback to the blue team at the end of the engagement. Lastly, we’ll dive into novel ways of detecting a blue team’s investigation and we’ll give examples on how to react to these actions, for example by creating honeypots for the blue team.
      • Attack Tactics 5: Zero to Hero Attack - Jordan Drysdale, Kent Ickler, John Strand(BHIS)
        • Ever want to see a full attack from no access on the outside to domain takeover? Ever want to see that in under an hour?; OWA? Password Sprays? Yup!; VPNs? Remote account takeover? Yup!; Fully documented command and tool usage? Yup!; MailSniper? Absolutely!; Nmap? Obviously!; Crackmapexec? Definitely!; Cobalt Strike HTA phishing? This is the one I am most worried about :D - but we'll try anyway. So what? What's different about this webcast? We'll cover the zero (external, no access) to hero (internal, domain admin).
      • RF for Red Team - David Switzer(BSides Tampa2020)
        • "This would be an overview of RF related detections / monitoring and attacks. This would go over current Wifi attacks (both attacking clients and networks), as well as wireless attacks on mice/keyboards (both the old ""mousejack"" and more modern "Logitacker" style attacks), as well as monitoring other systems for physical attacks, such as IoT/smart devices, alarm systems and power meters. - Wifi - General overview - Network attacks - Client attacks - PMKID cracking - Mousejacking and derivatives - IoT / Smart devices - Popular Comm - Cell - Pagers - Misc - Alarm systems - Power meters"
      • Passing the Torch: Old School Red Teaming, New School Tactics?
      • Red Teaming Windows: Building a better Windows by hacking it - MS Ignite2017
      • Breaking Red - Understanding Threats through Red Teaming - SANS Webcast
      • 'Red Team: How to Succeed By Thinking Like the Enemy' - Council on Foreign Relations - Micah Zenko
      • Red Team Tales - A short adventure into some interesting techniques - Aaron Dobie(2020)
        • Aaron Dobie from KPMG presents a variety of red team techniques he has been working on over the past 6 months. This has included investigating and producing a DLL hijacking teams implant, migration of macro guardrails from the endpoint to block reverse engineering, and some basic hardware hacking.
      • Full Contact Recon int0x80 of Dual Core savant - Derbycon7
      • Abusing Webhooks for Command and Control - Dimitry Snezhkov
      • Looping Surveillance Cameras through Live Editing - Van Albert and Banks - Defcon23
        • This project consists of the hardware and software necessary to hijack wired network communications. The hardware allows an attacker to splice into live network cabling without ever breaking the physical connection. This allows the traffic on the line to be passively tapped and examined. Once the attacker has gained enough knowledge about the data being sent, the device switches to an active tap topology, where data in both directions can be modified on the fly. Through our custom implementation of the network stack, we can accurately mimic the two devices across almost all OSI layers. We have developed several applications for this technology. Most notable is the editing of live video streams to produce a “camera loop,” that is, hijacking the feed from an Ethernet surveillance camera so that the same footage repeats over and over again. More advanced video transformations can be applied if necessary. This attack can be executed and activated with practically no interruption in service, and when deactivated, is completely transparent.
      • Sniffing Sunlight - Erik Kamerling - ANYCON2017
        • Laser listening devices (laser microphones) are a well understood technology. They have historically been used in the surreptitious surveillance of protected spaces. Using such a device, an attacker bounces an infrared laser off of a reflective surface, and receives the ricocheted beam with a photoreceptor. If the beam is reflected from a surface that is vibrating due to sound (his a typical background target), that sound is subsequently modulated into the beam and can be demodulated at the receptor. This is a known attack method and will be briefly discussed. However, does this principle also hold for non-amplified or naturally concentrated light sources? Can one retrieve modulated audio from reflected sunlight? The idea of modulating voice with sunlight was pioneered by Alexander Graham Bell in 1880 with an invention called the Photophone. A Photophone uses the audio modulation concept now used in laser microphones, but relied on a concentrated beam of sunlight rather than a laser to communicate at distance. Considering that Bell proved that intentionally concentrated sunlight can be used to modulate voice, we will explore under what natural conditions modulated audio can be found in reflected ambient light. Using off the shelf solar-cells and handmade amplifiers, Erik will demonstrate the use of the receiver side of a historic Photophone to identify instances of modulated audio in reflected light under common conditions.
      • Red Teaming Back and Forth 5ever - Fuzzynop(DerbyconIV)
        • Whether you are on the red team, the blue team, or aspiring to either, you probably know that when it comes to penetrating a network, the scope of the engagement is non existent. I'm talking no-holds-barred penetration. No rules, no time limits, no prisoners. This talk discusses what happens when blue team meets red team and the tools, techniques, and methodology used when you don't have to play by the rules. Additional topics include 'why is red team?' and 'how many does 5ever take?'
      • Advanced Red Teaming: All Your Badges Are Belong To Us - DEF CON 22 - Eric Smith and Josh Perrymon
      • Operating in the Shadows Carlos Perez - Derbycon5
      • 88MPH Digital tricks to bypass Physical security - ZaCon4 - Andrew MacPherson
      • Attacking EvilCorp: Anatomy of a Corporate Hack
      • Detect Me If You Can Ben Ten - Derbycon7
      • Modern Evasion Techniques Jason Lang - Derbycon7
        • As pentesters, we are often in need of working around security controls. In this talk, we will reveal ways that we bypass in-line network defenses, spam filters (in line and cloud based), as well as current endpoint solutions. Some techniques are old, some are new, but all work in helping to get a foothold established. Defenders: might want to come to this one.
      • Your Voice is My Passport - delta zero, Azeem Aqil(Defcon26)
        • Financial institutions, home automation products, and offices near universal cryptographic decoders have increasingly used voice fingerprinting as a method for authentication. Recent advances in machine learning and text-to-speech have shown that synthetic, high-quality audio of subjects can be generated using transcripted speech from the target. Are current techniques for audio generation enough to spoof voice authentication algorithms? We demonstrate, using freely available machine learning models and limited budget, that standard speaker recognition and voice authentication systems are indeed fooled by targeted text-to-speech attacks. We further show a method which reduces data required to perform such an attack, demonstrating that more people are at risk for voice impersonation than previously thought.
      • Detecting Blue Team Research Through Targeted Ads - 0x200b(Defcon26)
        • When my implant gets discovered how will I know? Did the implant stop responding for some benign reason or is the IR team responding? With any luck they'll upload the sample somewhere public so I can find it, but what if I can find out if they start looking for specific bread crumbles in public data sources? At some point without any internal data all blue teams turn to OSINT which puts their searches within view of the advertising industry. In this talk I will detail how I was able to use online advertising to detect when a blue team is hot on my trail.
      • Red Team Techniques for Evading, Bypassing, and Disabling MS Advanced Threat Protection and Advanced Threat Analytics - Chris Thompson
      • Slides
        • Windows Defender Advanced Threat Protection is now available for all Blue Teams to utilize within Windows 10 Enterprise and Server 2012/16, which includes detection of post breach tools, tactics and techniques commonly used by Red Teams, as well as behavior analytics.
      • Modern Red Team Tradecraft - Sajal Thomas(RedTeam VillageDefcon28)
        • "Modern attacks against complex network infrastructure highlight a massive gap between state-affiliated cyber espionage attacks and Red Teams. As Red Teams face challenges that real-world attackers do not, replicating the sophisticated threat groups becomes all the more challenging with tight engagement deadlines and report submissions. The talk aims to bridge this gap by providing insights into modern tradecraft employed by the apex predators as well as the coin-miners and ransomware authors. The talk will also discuss the unique relationship between speed and stealth during Red Team operations. Sometimes ""speed is the new stealth"" but with evolved defensive technologies that baseline behaviour of endpoints on the host and network level, slow and steady may be the way to go instead. Additionally, the talk will walk through publicly-known implant design considerations to defeat mature host and network defenses. Bleeding-edge credential harvesting techniques and the evolution of running Invoke-Mimikatz.ps1 to digging deep into C/C++ and Win32 API programming will be featured. Lastly, the evolution of a modern Red Team operator/developer/both will be discussed. The skills and mindset required to successfully complete objectives and evade defenses have changed over time. A Red Teamer must evolve to be able to inform defense better."
      • Staying Off the Land: A Threat Actor Methodology - CrowdStrike(2020)
      • Attack Tactics 5: Zero to Hero Attack - Jordan Drysdale, Kent Ickler, John Strand(2019)
        • Ever want to see a full attack from no access on the outside to domain takeover? Ever want to see that in under an hour? OWA? Password Sprays? Yup! VPNs? Remote account takeover? Yup! Fully documented command and tool usage? Yup! MailSniper? Absolutely! Nmap? Obviously! Crackmapexec? Definitely! Cobalt Strike HTA phishing? This is the one I am most worried about :D - but we'll try anyway. So what? What's different about this webcast? We'll cover the zero (external, no access) to hero (internal, domain admin). Then, in the next webcast we will cover all the points where it could have been detected and stoped.
      • Hacking Dumberly Redux - More Dumberer - Tim Medin(WWHF Hackin' Cast 2020)
        • Tim Medin discusses the dumbest red team tricks and hacks encountered over the years. We are going to take the A out of APT (again), because so few attackers really need to use advanced techniques. We'll also discuss the simple defenses that make an attacker's life much more difficult.
      • The 10 (Unexpected) Ways I Pwned You! - Steve Campbell(DEFCon401 2020)
        • This presentation is about my experiences finding vulnerabilities on client pentests which were typically not found by vulnerability scanners and other pentesters, or were not remediated from previous assessments due to a lack of understanding the potential impact.
    • Papers
      • ShadowMove: A Stealthy Lateral Movement Strategy - Amirreza Niakanlahiji, Jinpeng Wei, Rabbi Alam, Qingyang Wang, Bei-Tsei Chu(2020)
        • Advanced Persistence Threat (APT) attacks use variousstrategies and techniques to move laterally within an enter-prise environment; however, the existing strategies and tech-niques have limitations such as requiring elevated permissions,creating new connections, performing new authentications, orrequiring process injections. Based on these characteristics,many host and network-based solutions have been proposedto prevent or detect such lateral movement attempts. In thispaper, we present a novel stealthy lateral movement strategy,ShadowMove, in which only established connections betweensystems in an enterprise network are misused for lateral move-ments. It has a set of unique features such as requiring noelevated privilege, no new connection, no extra authentication,and no process injection, which makes it stealthy against state-of-the-art detection mechanisms. ShadowMove is enabled bya novelsocket duplicationapproach that allows a maliciousprocess to silently abuse TCP connections established by be-nign processes. We design and implementShadowMoveforcurrent Windows and Linux operating systems. To validatethe feasibility of ShadowMove, we build several prototypesthat successfully hijack three kinds of enterprise protocols,FTP, Microsoft SQL, and Window Remote Management, toperform lateral movement actions such as copying malware tothe next target machine and launching malware on the targetmachine. We also confirm that our prototypes cannot be de-tected by existing host and network-based solutions, such asfive top-notch anti-virus products (McAfee, Norton, Webroot,Bitdefender, and Windows Defender), four IDSes (Snort, OS-SEC, Osquery, and Wazuh), and two Endpoint Detection andResponse systems (CrowdStrike Falcon Prevent and CiscoAMP).
  • Strategies
    • Articles/Blogposts/Writeups
    • Talks/Presentations/Videos
      • Tactical Exploiation - H.D. Moore, Valsmith(Defcon15)
      • Meta-Post Exploitation: Using Old, Lost, Forgotten Knowledge - Val Smith, Colin Ames(Defcon16)
      • Breaking Extreme Networks WingOS: How to own millions of devices running on Aircrafts, Government, Smart cities and more - Josep Pi Rodriguez
        • Extreme network's embedded WingOS (Originally created by Motorola) is an operating system used in several wireless devices such as access points and controllers. This OS is being used in Motorola devices, Zebra devices and Extreme network's devices. This research started focusing in an access point widely used in many Aircrafts by several worldwide airlines but ended up in something bigger in terms of devices affected as this embedded operating system is not only used in AP's for Aircrafts but also in Healthcare, Government, Transportation, Smart cities, small to big enterprises... and more. Based on public information, we will see how vulnerable devices are actively used (outdoors) in big cities around the world. But also in Universities, Hotels,Casinos, Big companies, Mines, Hospitals and provides the Wi-Fi access for places such as the New york City Subway. In this presentation we will show with technical details how several critical vulnerabilities were found in this embedded OS. First we will introduce some internals and details about the OS and then we will show the techniques used to reverse engineering the mipsN32 ABI code for the Cavium Octeon processor. It will be discussed how some code was emulated to detect how a dynamic password is generated with a cryptographic algorithm for a root shell backdoor. Besides, it will be shown how some protocols used by some services were reverse engineered to find unauthenticated heap and stack overflow vulnerabilities that could be exploitable trough Wireless or Ethernet connection.
    • Breaching the Perimeter
      • Talks/Presentations/Videos
        • Cracking The Perimeter: How Red Teams Penetrate - Dominic Chell(BSidesMCR 2018)
        • Hacking Corporate Em@il Systems - Nate Power
          • In this talk we will discuss current email system attack vectors and how these systems can be abused and leveraged to break into corporate networks. A penetration testing methodology will be discussed and technical demonstrations of attacks will be shown. Phases of this methodology include information gathering, network mapping, vulnerability identification, penetration, privilege escalation, and maintaining access. Methods for organizations to better protect systems will also be discussed.
        • Traversing The Kill-Chain: The New Shiny In 2018 - Vincent Yiu - HITBGSEC 2018
          • Long gone are the days of easy command shells through PowerShell. Defenders are catching more than ever, forcing red teamers to up their game in new and innovative ways. This presentation will explore several new OSINT sources, techniques, and tools developed to accelerate and assist in target asset discovery and profiling. We will discover how some new advances in EDR has changed the general landscape of more mature organisations, and how red team tactics and procedures have been modified to bypass certain obstacles faced. Relevant techniques will be revised, modified and made great again.
        • Cracking the Perimeter with SharpShooter - D. Chell(HIP19)
          • This talk walks through the steps of profiling an organisation to obtain the information required to create an effective SharpShooter payload, how to circumvent static analysis both on disk, in-memory and across the network, how to key payloads to evade sandboxing and a number of novel techniques for scriptlet execution using XML stylesheets, COM and application whitelisting bypasses.
  • Skills Improvement
    • Baselining Behavior Tradecraft through Simulations - Dave Kennedy(WWHF19)
      • With the adoption of endpoint detection and response tools as well as a higher focus on behavior detection within organizations, when simulating an adversary it's important to understand the systems you are targeting. This talk will focus on the next evolution of red teaming and how defeating defenders will take more work and effort. This is a good thing! It's also proof that working together (red and blue) collectively, we can make our security programs more robust in defending against attacks. This talk will dive into actual simulations where defenders have caught us as well as ways that we have circumvented even some of the best detection programs out there today. Let's dive into baselining behavior and refining our tradecraft to evade detection and how we can use that to make blue better.
    • Finding Diamonds in the Rough- Parsing for Pentesters
    • Skills for a Red Teamer - Brent White & Tim Roberts - NolaCon 2018
      • Want to incorporate hybrid security assessments into your testing methodology? What does going above and beyond look like for these types of assessments? How do you provide the best value with the resources and scope provided? What do some of these toolkits encompass? If you’re interested in what skills are needed for a Red-Teamer, or taking your red teaming assessments to the next level, here’s the basic info to get you started. We’ll discuss items of importance, methodology, gear, stories and even some tactics used to help give you an edge.
    • Rethink, Repurpose, Reuse... Rain Hell - Michael Zupo
      • What Hacker doesn’t like james bond type gadgets? Like the all in one, one in all tool that can get you out of (or into) all sorts of jams, and is just plain cool to tinker with. Like Glitch from reboot! Well chances are you have several already at your fingertips, there are countless out there with more powerful ones arriving daily. The pace at which new wireless devices are released is blistering fast, leaving many perfectly good “legacy” devices around for testing. This talk will walk you through and further the discussion of modding these devices with readily available tools to quickly turn them into mobile hack platforms. Think PwnPad but without the $900 price tag. Going into whats worth your time and what's not. The possibilities are there if you so choose! Need all the power of your desktop or maybe just a few specific tools? Whatever your aim, this talk will point it further in the right direction
    • Cons and Conjurers Lessons for Infiltration - Paul Blonsky(BSides Cleveland2016)
      • I will examine how the techniques of con artists and magicians are relevant to physical penetration testing, social engineering and infiltration. Focus is on some classic cons and basics of stage magic deception.
    • Red vs Blue: The Untold Chapter - Aaron Herndon, Thomas Somerville(GRRCon2018)
      • This talk focuses on a single attack chain within a simulated network, jumping back and forth between teh thought process ofa Red Teamer (Aaron) and the Blue Teamer (Tom).
    • Red Teaming in the EDR age - Will Burgess - WWF HackFest 2018
    • Red Team Operating in a Modern Environment: Learning to Live Off the Land - Und3rf10w
    • Red Team Operating in a Modern Environment: Learning to Live Off the Land - und3rf10w
  • Methodologies

Penetration Testing

  • Penetration Testing Engagements
    • Assumed Breach
      • Talks/Presentations/Videos
        • Assumed Breach: A Better Model for Penetration Testing - Mike Saunders(Derbycon2019)
          • The current model for penetration testing is broken. The typical scan and exploit model doesn?t reflect how real attackers operate after establishing a foothold. At the same time, most organizations aren?t mature enough to need a proper red team assessment. It?s time to start adopting the assumed breach model. In this talk, I?ll discuss techniques for assumed breach assessments that provide a better model for emulating the techniques attackers use once they?re they?ve established a foothold inside a typical network.
        • Assumed Breach Testing - Brendan Oconnor(BSides Columbus Ohio2019)
          • OPM, Marriot, Equifax - horrible breaches made that much worse due to dwell time. Bad actors spending months or years on an organizations network without anyone noticing a thing. The controls at some of these organizations were in place, defense in depth, layered security, security awareness training - and they still to failed to protect them. The modern wisdom seems to be, despite the fact that you have a responsibility to try your best, the bad guys will always win.
        • Assumed Breach: The Better Pen Test w/ Tim Medin - SANS HackFest & Ranges Summit 2020
          • Traditional penetration testing often concedes internal access to the tester, but then the tester does a lot of scanning and poking around. This is not representative of most breaches. Most breaches start with a phish and adversary effectively starts with access as one of your users on one of your systems. Are you prepared to defend? In this talk, Tim Medin will discuss the shortcomings of the traditional penetration test, and talk you through ways to deliver (and receive) a higher value penetration test.
        • Assumed Breach:A Better Model for Pen Testing - Mike Saunders(2019)

Pentesting X

Unsorted

  • Nation-State
  • Supply Chain
    • Infecting The Embedded Supply Chain - Zach Miller, Alex Kissinger(Defcon26)
      • With a surge in the production of internet of things (IoT) devices, embedded development tools are becoming commonplace and the software they run on is often trusted to run in escalated modes. However, some of the embedded development tools on the market contain serious vulnerabilities that put users at risk. In this talk we discuss the various attack vectors that these embedded development tools expose users to, and why users should not blindly trust their tools. This talk will detail a variety reverse engineering, fuzzing, exploit development and protocol analysis techniques that we used to analyze and exploit the security of a common embedded debugger.
  • Educational
    • Playing Through the Pain? - The Impact of Secrets and Dark Knowledge - Richard Thieme(Defcon24)
      • Dismissing or laughing off concerns about what it does to a person to know critical secrets does not lessen the impact when those secrets build a different map of reality than "normals" use and one has to calibrate narratives to what another believes. The cognitive dissonance that inevitably causes is managed by some with denial who live as if refusing to feel the pain makes it disappear. But as Philip K. Dick said, reality is that which, when you no longer believe in it, refuses to go away. And when cognitive dissonance evolves into symptoms of traumatic stress, one ignores those symptoms at one's peril. But the constraints of one's work often make it impossible to speak aloud about those symptoms, because that might threaten one's clearances, work, and career. The real cost of security work and professional intelligence goes beyond dollars. It is measured in family life, relationships, and mental and physical well-being. The divorce rate is as high among intelligence professionals as it is among medical professionals, for good reason - how can relationships be based on openness and trust when one's primary commitments make truth-telling and disclosure impossible?
    • The Impact of Dark Knowledge and Secrets on Security and Intelligence Professionals - Richard Thieme(NSEC2017)
      • Dismissing or laughing off concerns about what it does to a person to know critical secrets does not lessen the impact on life, work, and relationships of building a different map of reality than “normal people” use. One has to calibrate narratives to what another believes. One has to live defensively, warily. This causes at the least cognitive dissonance which some manage by denial. But refusing to feel the pain does not make it go away. It just intensifies the consequences when they erupt. Philip K. Dick said, reality is that which, when you no longer believe in it, does not go away. When cognitive dissonance evolves into symptoms of traumatic stress, one ignores those symptoms at one’s peril. But the very constraints of one’s work often make it impossible to speak aloud about those symptoms, because that might threaten one’s clearances, work, and career. And whistle blower protection is often non-existent.